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SLCC Human Physiology Exam 4 Questions and Answers
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Internal (cellular) Respiration - Answer-The use of O2 within mitochondria to generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, and the production of CO2 as a waste product External Respiration - Answer-Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and body tissues. upper airways - Answer-airways in...

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  • October 15, 2024
  • 11
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • slcc human physiology exam 4 questions and answers
  • internal cellular respiration answer the use o

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SLCC Human Physiology Exam 4
Questions and Answers
Internal (cellular) Respiration - Answer-The use of O2 within mitochondria to generate
ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, and the production of CO2 as a waste product

External Respiration - Answer-Exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and
body tissues.

upper airways - Answer-airways in head and neck, to pharynx

Respiratory Tract (Lower airways) - Answer-Pharynx to the lungs, Includes conducting
zone and respiratory zone.

Conducting Zone - Answer-Conducts air from larynx to the lungs. contains mucous
escalator. (Larynx -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles)

Mucous escalator - Answer-Goblet cells secrete mucus that traps particles and coats
airways, cilia propel mucus to the pharynx where it is swallowed

Respiratory zone - Answer-lower respiratory tract, sites for gas exchange. contains 300
million alveoli (Respiratory bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveoli)

Type I cells (alveolar) - Answer-Wall of alveoli, single layer of simple squamous
epithelium

Type II cells (alveolar) - Answer-Secrete surfactant

Alveolar Macrophage - Answer-immune defense in the alveoli

gas exchange - Answer-Blood in capillaries meets air in alveoli at respiratory membrane
where simple diffusion occurs

Thoracic Cavity - Answer-rib cage, intercostals, diaphragm, pleura, sternum, thoracic
vertebrae

Intercostal muscles - Answer-Increase volume of chest cavity

Diaphragm - Answer-Muscle, Bell shaped higher center. Pulls downward and makes
thoracic cavity taller.

visceral pleura - Answer-portion of pleural sac connected to the lung tissue

Parietal Pleura - Answer-Portion of pleural sac connected to thoracic wall

, inter-pleural space - Answer-fluid filled potential space between pleural membranes.

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) - Answer-Volume of air in lungs between breaths.
All forces acting across lungs and chest wall are balanced, and system is in steady
state.

forces for pulmonary ventilation - Answer-air flow driven by pressure gradients.
4 types of pressure:
Atmospheric Pressure
Intra-alveolar pressure
intra-pleural pressure
transpulmonary pressure

atmospheric pressure - Answer-(P_atm) pressure of outside air. 760 mmHg at sea level.
atmospheric pressure decreases as elevation increases. All other lung pressures are
relative to atmospheric pressure.

intra-alveolar pressure - Answer-(P_alv) pressure of air in alveoli. At rest (FRC)
pressure is 0 mmHg. when pressure is less/greater than atmospheric pressure
inspiration/expiration occurs respectively.

intra-pleural pressure - Answer-(P_ip) pressure inside the pleural space

transpulmonary pressure - Answer-(P_alv-P_ip) difference between intra-pleural
pressure and intra-alveolar pressure

Boyles Law - Answer-For any gas, pressure is inversely related to the volume of
container.

Ideal Gas Law - Answer-PV=nRT & P=nRT/V

P=pressure
V=volume
n=moles
R=constant
T=temperature

inspiration - Answer-external intercostals contract, alveoli expand, pressure decreases.
decreased pressure causes air to move into alveloi

expiration - Answer-alveolar pressure increases and air volume decreases

Lung compliance - Answer-change in lung volume, resulting in a change in
transpulmonary pressure. excess fluid can cause negative effects

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