BIOL 235 final Exam Study Guide.
Erythrocytes contain the enzyme - answercarbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes - answerthe conversion of metabolically produced C)2 and water
into carbonic acid
fixed phagocytic macrophages - answerremove most old erythrocytes from circulation
Location...
Erythrocytes contain the enzyme - answer✔carbonic anhydrase
carbonic anhydrase catalyzes - answer✔the conversion of metabolically produced C)2 and water
into carbonic acid
fixed phagocytic macrophages - answer✔remove most old erythrocytes from circulation
Location of fixed phagocytic macrophages - answer✔narrow capillaries of the spleen
Undifferentiated cells called pluripotent stem cells reside - answer✔in the bone marrow
pluripotent stem cells - answer✔continuously divide and develop myeloid stem cells and
lymphoid stem cells to give rise to each of the types of blood cells
emigration or diapedesis - answer✔The process of leukocytes squeezing through the capillary
endothelium to exit the vasculature
agglutinins - answer✔genetically-determined glycoprotein and glycolipid antigens found on the
surface of an erythrocyte
ESV - answer✔volume of blood in the ventricle after ejection has been completed
Increase in ESV when - answer✔stroke volume is decreased
Three cations with important effect on heart function - answer✔K+, Ca2+, and Na+
Increased blood levels of NA+ - answer✔blocks Ca2+ inflow and decreases force of contraction
Excess in K+ - answer✔blocks generation of action potentials
pharynx - answer✔serves as a sound resonating chamber, contains tonsils, directs air flow
inferiorly
larynx - answer✔passes air form pharynx into windpipe, site of sound production
paranasal sinuses - answer✔resonates sound, not part of the pharynx
fauces - answer✔opening from oral cavity into pharynx
tertiary bronchus - answer✔carries air to a segment of a lung
terminal bronchiole - answer✔carries air directly into a respiratory bronchiole
pleural membranes - answer✔surround the lungs
surfactant - answer✔reduces surface tension at sites of gas exchange
alveoli - answer✔actual sites of gas exchange
eupnea - answer✔normal, quiet breathing
costal breathing - answer✔shallow breathing using just the external intercostal muscles
compliance - answer✔amount of effort required to expand the lungs and chest wall
inspiratory capacity - answer✔tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume, usually about 3600 mL
in males
vital capacity - answer✔tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume;
usually about 4800 mL in males
functional residual capacity - answer✔residual volume + expiratory reserve volume; usually
about 2400 mL in males
Henry's law - answer✔states that the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional
to the partial pressure of that gas and its solubility
Average lifespan of an erythrocyte - answer✔120 days
Rate of RBC formation by red blood cells - answer✔equals the rate of RBC destruction by
macrophages
Emigration or diapedesis is - answer✔the process by which phagocytic cells leave blood vessels
WBCs use to destroy pathogens - answer✔lysozyme, defensins, and certain anions
Neutrophils - answer✔are usually the first and most numerous responders to an infection
Macrophages - answer✔react more slowly to an infection than neutrophils do
Pluripotent stem cells are derived from - answer✔mesenchyme
Megakaryoblasts - answer✔platelet precursor cells, develop into megakaryocytes
Platelet - answer✔fragment of megakaryocyte that is enclosed by a piece of plasma membrane
Platelet plug - answer✔can stop blood loss completely if the hole in a blood vessel is small
enough
Hemostasis - answer✔sequence of responses that stops bleeding, vascular spasm, platelet plug
formation, blood clotting
Blood clot - answer✔gel that contains formed elements of the blood entangled in fibrin threads
In blood clotting - answer✔coagulation factors are activated in sequence, resulting in a cascade
of reactions that includes positive feedback cycles
Extrinsic pathway of blood clotting - answer✔fewer steps, thromboplastic leaks into the blood
from cells outside (extrinsic to) blood vessels and initiates the formation of prothrombinase
Intrinsic pathway of blood clotting - answer✔more complex, occurs more slowly, activators are
in direct contact with blood or contained within (intrinsic to) the blood. Outside tissue damage is
not needed.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sirjoel. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.