CDIS 421 FINAL, CDIS 421:
Neuroscience Fundamentals for
Communication Sciences and
Disorders, Neuroscience Final ENMU
(Linda Weems)
Plasticity
the brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially
in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development
frontal lobe
associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving
6 Ways to Show Appreciation for Your Child's Teacher
parietal lobe
receives sensory input for touch and body position
temporal lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and language.
occipital lobe
A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information
,limbic lobe
located in the center of the brain beneath the other four cerebral lobes; influences motivation,
emotion, learning, and memory
insular cortex
Primary cortical processing area for taste. The part of the cortex that first receives taste information
motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
the section of the frontal lobe responsible for voluntary movement
somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)
area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement
sensations
visual cortex
The visual processing areas of cortex in the occipital lobe
auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus)
the area of the temporal lobe responsible for processing sound information
,Central Fissure (sulcus)
Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe
lateral fissure (sylvian fissure)
separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes
Broca's area
Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs
the muscle movements involved in speech.
Wernicke's area
controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression;
usually in the left temporal lobe
midbrain function
(mesencephalon) relay center for visual and auditory information, controls eye and bodily
movements
, Pons function
bridge to connect medulla, midbrain, and cerebellum (message relay center); contains olivary
complex; aids in localization of sound.
medulla oblongata
Part of the brainstem that controls vital life-sustaining functions such as heartbeat, breathing, blood
pressure, and digestion; pyramidal decussation
Central Nervous System (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the
body.
The PNS includes:
somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system
Division of the PNS that controls the body's skeletal muscles.
autonomic nervous system
the part of the PNS that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the
heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division calms.
Rostral
toward the nose (front of the brain)
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