essay plan for question: successes or failures of constitutional Nationalism and Unionism was based on the level of support from the British Government in the period 1800-1900
essay plan for question: social and economic factors were the most important in effecting the development of nationalism and unionism
brief essay plans for factors questions
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History
Unit A2 1
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THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT WERE MORE SUCCESSFUL IN GOVERNING IRELAND
BETWEEN 1800-1850 THAN 1850-1900?
The British Government put down the 1798 rebellion, by passing the Act of
Union in 1800. Also crushed rebellion in 1803 and 1848 – but these created
martyrs
They managed the expectations of the constitutional nationalists in the
reforms on 1830s
At the same time they kept a lid on the Tithe War using the Coercion Act -
1833.
Peel’s use of coercion and conciliation such as the grant to Maynooth , the
Arms Act and clamping down on Clontarf (1836 the Orange Order is
established)
However, there was also failures, emancipation did not follow the Act of
Union even though it was promised. We can see the beginning o the
Protestant/Catholic divide
In 1829 Wellington’s government was very weak
The reforms of the 1830s were limited, not enough, and O’Connell then
raised the ante
Lastly, the famine was a huge failure. It was be argued that the British
Government had neglected Ireland and its economy before the famine. That
they did not take the responsibility for her economic welfare, which they
signed up to do in 1800with the Act of Union.
It can be argued that the famine resulted in the lack of reform – such as
division of land, dependence on potatoes and land owners neglected the
estates
Their biggest failure was the way Russell and Trevelyan handled the famine,
and the legacy of it in the first half there is clearly a mixture of successes and
failures.
1850-1900
In 1867 the British Government crushed the Fenian uprising
Gladstone’s first installment of justice for Ireland: disestablishment of the
church of Ireland, the Land Act – he is pacifying Ireland
Gladstone is giving them a moral redress. This is an example of the British
Government taking an enlightenment approach
The Land Acts 1891,1896, 1903 – very big successes. They met the demands
of Irish tenants and it pleased the Presbyterians Peasant Farmers
Home Rule can be seen as a successes as it was the government recognising
the reality that they had to respond to changes in the franchise
Constructive Unionism of the Conservatives, Balfour working with Plunkett to
tae a broader approach
Gladstone’s first installment was not a success, Ireland was not pacified –
evidence – Land League and Coercion Act. He had to convert to Home Rule
Home Rule was not a success, it does not get through the House of Commons
and it splits the party. From 1886 it is clear that there is a sharp unionist /
nationalist divide
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