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BSC 2085 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025

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  • BSC 2085

Integumentary System- weight and area → Is the largest system of the body → 16% of body weight → 1.5 to 2 m2 in area How many parts makeup the integumentary system? → The integument is made up of two parts → 1. Cutaneous membrane (skin) → 2. Accessory structures Describe the Cut...

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  • October 15, 2024
  • 53
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • BSC 2085
  • BSC 2085
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2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!


BSC 2085 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024/2025
Integumentary System- weight and area

→ Is the largest system of the body
→ 16% of body weight
→ 1.5 to 2 m2 in area


How many parts makeup the integumentary system?

→ The integument is made up of two parts
→ 1. Cutaneous membrane (skin)
→ 2. Accessory structures


Describe the Cutaneous Membrane


→ consist of two components:
→ Outer epidermis
→ Superficial epithelium (epithelial tissues)
→ Inner dermis
→ Connective tissues


Accessory Structure


→ Originate in the dermis
→ Extend through the epidermis to skin surface. Includes:
→ Hair, Nails, Multicellular exocrine glands


What Systems are connected to the Integumentary system?




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→ Cardiovascular system- By blood vessels in the dermis
→ Nervous system- By sensory receptors that detect stimuli for pain, touch, and
temperature


Is the hypodermis part of the Integumentary system?

→ No, Located below the dermis
→ -Composed of loose connective tissue: separates integument from the deep fascia
around organs
→ - Location of hypodermic injections


5 main functions of the Integumentary System?


→ 1. Protection of underlying tissues and organs
→ 2. Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes (glands)
→ 3. Maintenance of body temperature (insulation and evaporation)
→ 4. Production of melanin, keratin, vitamin D3, and storage of lipids
→ 5. Detection of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
→ PEMPD


Describe the Epidermis

→ Is avascular stratified squamous epithelium
→ Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from capillaries in the dermis
→ Dominated by keratinocytes (most abundant type of epithelial cells) -contain large
amounts of the protein keratin


Thin skin: location and layers


→ Covers most of the body
→ Has four layers of keratinocytes


Thick skin: location and layers



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→ Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
→ Has five layers of keratinocytes


What are the 5 strata of keratinocytes in thick skin

→ 1. Stratum basale
→ 2. Stratum spinosum
→ 3.Stratum granulosum
→ 4. Stratum lucidum (missing in thin skin)
→ 5.Stratum corneum
→ Bottom to top


What is the Stratum Basale?

→ -Is attached to basement membrane by hemidesmosomes
→ -Forms a strong bond between epidermis and dermis
→ -Forms epidermal ridges (basis of fingerprints)
→ -Dermal papillae (tiny mounds)- projections from the dermis-Increase the area of
basement membrane and ttrengthen attachment between epidermis and dermis
→ -Has many basal cells, or germinative cells


What determines fingerprints?

→ Determined by genetics and
→ uterine environment during fetal development.


Do identical twins have the same fingerprints?


→ No


What are specialized cells of Stratum Basale?




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→ 1. Merkel cells- specialized epithelial tactile cells
→ Found in hairless skin
→ Respond to touch (trigger nervous system)
→ 2. Melanocytes
→ Contain the pigment melanin
→ Scattered throughout stratum basale


What is the Stratum Spinosum?


→ "the "spiny layer"
→ -Produced by division of stratum basale
→ -Eight to ten layers of keratinocytes bound by desmosomes
→ -Cells shrink until cytoskeletons stick out (looks spiny) - under normal histological
preperations
→ -Continue to divide, increasing thickness of epithelium
→ -Contain dendritic (Langerhans) cells, active in immune response - defend against
microorganisms that get past superficial layers of epidermis and defend against
superficial skin cancers


Describe the Stratum Granulosum layer

→ -the "grainy layer", Stops dividing, starts producing:
→ 1. Keratin
→ A tough, fibrous protein
→ Makes up hair and nails
→ 2. Keratohyalin
→ Dense granules
→ Cross-link keratin fibers
→ Note: as keratin accumulates, the cell flatten and its plasma membrane thickens and
becomes less permeable


Describe the Stratum Lucidum




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