2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
BSC 2085 EXAM #3 FSU YUNG SU
(LESSONS 12, 13, 14, 15-16)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025
The Nervous System
→ made of neurons and neuroglia cells; includes all neural tissue in the body
Neurons
→ the basic functional units of the nervous system; cells that send and receive signals
Neuroglia
→ cells that support and protect neurons
Central Nervous System
→ brain and spinal cord; contains neural tissue, connective tissues, and blood vessels;
processes and coordinates sensory data from inside and outside the body, motor
commands control activities of peripheral organs, and higher functions of the brain:
intelligence, memory, learning, and emotion
Nerves
→ axons of neurons
Peripheral Nervous System
→ includes all neural tissue outside the CNS; delivers sensory info to the CNS and carry
motor commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues and systems
Cranial Nerves
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→ connect to the brain
Spinal Nerves
→ attach to spinal cord
Tract
→ a bundle of axons in the CNS
Nerve
→ a bundle of axons in the PNS
Afferent Division
→ approaches CNS; carries sensory info; from PNS sensory receptors to CNS
Efferent Division
→ exits CNS; carries motor commands; from CNS to PNS muscles and glands
Receptors
→ detect changes or respond to stimuli; can be found on neurons and specialized cells
Effectors
→ respond to efferent signals coming from CNS (cells and organs)
Somatic Nerous System
→ controls voluntary and involuntary (reflexes) skeletal muscle contractions
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Autonomic Nervous System
→ controls subconscious actions, contractions of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, and
glandular secretions; sympathetic division and parasympathetic division
Sympathetic Division
→ stimulating effect (fight or flight response)
Parasympathetic Division
→ relaxing response
Cell Body
→ soma
Dendrites
→ used to receive information
Axon
→ sends info (electrical signals) away from the soma towards a target cell
Perikaryon
→ cytoplasm
Mitochondria
→ produce energy
Neurotransmitters
1|Page| GradeA+ | 2 0 0 2 5
BSC 2085 EXAM #3 FSU YUNG SU
(LESSONS 12, 13, 14, 15-16)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025
The Nervous System
→ made of neurons and neuroglia cells; includes all neural tissue in the body
Neurons
→ the basic functional units of the nervous system; cells that send and receive signals
Neuroglia
→ cells that support and protect neurons
Central Nervous System
→ brain and spinal cord; contains neural tissue, connective tissues, and blood vessels;
processes and coordinates sensory data from inside and outside the body, motor
commands control activities of peripheral organs, and higher functions of the brain:
intelligence, memory, learning, and emotion
Nerves
→ axons of neurons
Peripheral Nervous System
→ includes all neural tissue outside the CNS; delivers sensory info to the CNS and carry
motor commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues and systems
Cranial Nerves
1|Page| GradeA+ | 2 0 0 2 5
,2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
→ connect to the brain
Spinal Nerves
→ attach to spinal cord
Tract
→ a bundle of axons in the CNS
Nerve
→ a bundle of axons in the PNS
Afferent Division
→ approaches CNS; carries sensory info; from PNS sensory receptors to CNS
Efferent Division
→ exits CNS; carries motor commands; from CNS to PNS muscles and glands
Receptors
→ detect changes or respond to stimuli; can be found on neurons and specialized cells
Effectors
→ respond to efferent signals coming from CNS (cells and organs)
Somatic Nerous System
→ controls voluntary and involuntary (reflexes) skeletal muscle contractions
1|Page| GradeA+ | 2 0 0 2 5
, 2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain Excel!
Autonomic Nervous System
→ controls subconscious actions, contractions of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle, and
glandular secretions; sympathetic division and parasympathetic division
Sympathetic Division
→ stimulating effect (fight or flight response)
Parasympathetic Division
→ relaxing response
Cell Body
→ soma
Dendrites
→ used to receive information
Axon
→ sends info (electrical signals) away from the soma towards a target cell
Perikaryon
→ cytoplasm
Mitochondria
→ produce energy
Neurotransmitters
1|Page| GradeA+ | 2 0 0 2 5
