UCI Bio 93 with the Trio Final Review
Study Guide
Bioengernetics - Answer-How energy flows through organisms.
ATP - Answer-Used for mechanical, transport, and chemical work. ATP is also an RNA nucleotide.
Mechanical Work - Answer-Energy used in motor proteins and muscle cells during contraction...
Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb's Cycle) - Answer✔✔-Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. Acetyl CoA (2
Carbon), NAD+/FAD+, and ADP go in while CO2 (1 Carbon), NADH/FADH2, and ATP come out.
Electron Transport Chain or Oxidative Phosphorylation - Answer✔✔-Occurs in the inner membrane of
the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2 carry electron through the transport chain and pump protons
against their gradient. Oxidative Phosphorylation produces around 34 ATP through ATP synthase.
Chemiosmosis - Answer✔✔-The movement of ions down their concentration gradient.
ATP Synthase - Answer✔✔-Uses the process of chemiosmosis to transport H ions through it and produce
ATP by oxygen accepting the H ions to make H2O
Photosynthesis - Answer✔✔-Process used by autotrophs. Turns solar energy into chemical energy and
occurs inside the chloroplast. light and water go in and glucose and oxygen come out.
Light Reaction - Answer✔✔-Occurs in the Thylakoid Membrane. Solar energy excites the electron as it
moves through photosystem II and I. Protons create an acidic thylakoid lumen. NADP+ accepts electrons
to produce NADPH. Light, H2O, and NAPD+ go in while O2, ATP, and NADPH come out.
Calvin Cycle (Dark Reaction) - Answer✔✔-Occurs in the stroma. NADPH, ATP, and CO2 go in while ADP,
NADP, and glucose come out.
Hershey and Chase Experiment - Answer✔✔-Proved that DNA is the genetic material, not proteins.
Bacterial Transformation - Answer✔✔-Refers to the assimilation of external DNA into the cell.
Transcription - Answer✔✔-The process in which DNA is transcribed into mRNA. Occurs in the nucleus.
The three steps include: initiation, elongation, and termination.
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