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KAPLAN PHARMACOLOGY INTEGRATED EXAM WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS FOR A+ GRADE
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KAPLAN PHARMACOLOGY INTEGRATED EXAM WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS FOR A+ GRADE
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The nurse prepares to administer digoxin 0.01 mg/kg PO to a 2-month-old infant. The infant weighs 5 kg.The sleeping infant's
apical pulse is 70 bpm. The nurse takes which most appropriate
action? - ANSWER>>>>>Withholds the medication and notifies
the health care provider immediately.
Digoxin belongs to the class of medicines called digitalis
glycosides. It is used to improve the strength and efficiency of
the heart, or to control the rate and rhythm of the heartbeat.
This leads to better blood circulation and reduced swelling of
the hands and ankles in patients with heart problems.. It is used
to treat congestive heart failure, usually in combination with a
diuretic (water pill) and an angiotensin-converting enzyme
(ACE) inhibitor. It is also used to treat a heart rhythm problem
called atrial fibrillation.
What is a normal apical pulse for an infant?
newborn: 100-170 bpm. 6 months to 1 year: 90-130 bpm. 2 to 3
years: 80-120 bpm. 4 to 5 years: 70-110 bpm.
The nurse provides care for a client diagnosed with Hodgkin's
disease. The client received cyclophosphamide. Which
laboratory value does the nurse report to the healthcare
provider? - ANSWER>>>>>Platelets 40,000 mm3 (40x10^9/L)
A normal platelet count in adults ranges from 150,000 to
450,000 platelets per microliter of blood.
,Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the
lymphatic system, which is part of the body's germ-fighting
immune system. In Hodgkin's lymphoma, white blood cells
called lymphocytes grow out of control, causing swollen lymph
nodes and growths throughout the body.
Cyclophosphamide is used to treat cancer of the ovaries, breast,
blood and lymph system, and nerves (mainly in children).
Cyclophosphamide is also used for retinoblastoma (a type of
eye cancer mainly in children), multiple myeloma (cancer in the
bone marrow), and mycosis fungoides (tumors on the skin). It
belongs to the group of cancer medicines called alkylating
agents.
Cyclophosphamide is also used for some kinds of kidney
disease.
Cyclophosphamide interferes with the growth of cancer cells,
which are then destroyed by the body. Since the growth of
normal body cells may also be affected by cyclophosphamide,
other effects will also occur. Some of these may be serious and
must be reported to your doctor. Other effects, like hair loss,
may not be serious but may cause concern. Some effects may
not occur for months or years after the medicine is used.
The nurse instructs a client who is to take rifampin. The nursing
informs the client that which adverse effect may occur? -
ANSWER>>>>>Orange-colored urine
Rifampin is used together with other medicines to treat
tuberculosis (TB) in many different parts of the body. It is also
used by patients who have meningitis bacteria in their nose or
throat who do not show symptoms of the infection to prevent
the spread of the bacteria to other patients. Rifampin is in a
,class of medications called antimycobacterials. It works by
killing the bacteria that cause infection. Antibiotics such as
rifampin will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections.
What is the major adverse effect of Rifampin?
Rifampin will cause urine, saliva, sputum, sweat, teeth, and
tears to turn a reddish-orange to reddish-brown color. This is to
be expected while you are using this medicine. This effect may
also cause soft contact lenses to become permanently
discolored.
Th nurse reviews laboratory reports for a client receiving
digoxin and furosemide. Which laboratory values most concern
the nurse? - ANSWER>>>>>K= 3.2 mEq/L (3.2 mmol) ; digoxin
level= 2.2 ng/mL (2.8 n mmol/L)
Digoxin is a type of medicine called a cardiac glycoside. It's used
to control some heart problems, such as irregular heartbeats
(arrhythmias) including atrial fibrillation. It can also help to
manage the symptoms of heart failure, usually with other
medicines.
More common side effects
Dizziness
fainting
fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse
slow heartbeat
A normal Digoxin level should be 0.5 - 2 ng/mL. Any levels
greater than 2 ng/mL is considered toxic.
Furosemide belongs to a group of medicines called loop
diuretics (also known as water pills). Furosemide is given to
help treat fluid retention (edema) and swelling that is caused
, by congestive heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, or
other medical conditions. It works by acting on the kidneys to
increase the flow of urine. Furosemide is also used alone or
together with other medicines to treat high blood pressure
(hypertension). High blood pressure adds to the workload of the
heart and arteries. If it continues for a long time, the heart and
arteries may not function properly. This can damage the blood
vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke,
heart failure, or kidney failure. High blood pressure may also
increase the risk of heart attacks. These problems may be less
likely to occur if blood pressure is controlled.
The nurse instructs the client who is to take risperidone daily.
Which adverse effects are included in the teaching? -
ANSWER>>>>>Diarrhea (questionable) and increased salivation
Drug class: Atypical antipsychotics
Risperidone is used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or
irritability associated with autistic disorder. This medicine
should not be used to treat behavioral problems in older adults
who have dementia.
Common risperidone side effects include nausea, constipation,
and dry mouth. More serious side effects include movement
problems, hyperprolactinemia, and a greater risk of falls.
What are the adverse effects of antipsychotics?
These effects include:
antimuscarinic effects
bed-wetting
blood disorders
body temperature problems
emotional effects
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