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ECPI A&P II final exam with complete solutions
ECPI A&P II final exam
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ECPI A&P II final examThe only type of connective tissue that has a liquid matrix - Answers -blood
where do blood cells from - Answers -red bone marrow
plasma - Answers -•Clear, straw-colored fluid matrix of blood
•About 55% of blood volume
•Found in top of centrifuge tube
red blood cells - Answers -•35 to 46% in females, 40 to 54% in males
•Found in bottom of centrifuge tube
•Percentage of RBCs is called the Hematocrit (HCT)
white blood cells - Answers -•Make up <1% of blood volume
•Found in "buffy coat" in middle of centrifuge tube
granulocytes - Answers -have granular cytoplasm.
•Neutrophils
•Eosinophils
•Basophils
Arganulocytes - Answers -do not have noticeable granules.
•Lymphocytes
•Monocytes
neutrophils - Answers -•Granulocytes with small, light purple granules in acid-base stain
•Lobed nucleus; 2 to 5 sections
•Also called Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (P M Ns)
•First to arrive at infection site
•Strong phagocytes
•54% to 70% of leukocytes; elevated in bacterial infections
Eosinophils - Answers -•Granulocytes with coarse granules that stain deep red in acid
stain
•Bilobed nucleus
•Moderate allergic reactions
•Defend against parasitic worm infestations
•1% to 3% of leukocytes
•Elevated in parasitic worm infestations and allergic reactions
, basophils - Answers -•Granulocytes with large granules that stain deep blue in basic
stain
•Granules can obscure view of nucleus
•Release histamine to stimulate inflammation
•Release heparin to stop blood from clotting
•Less than 1% of leukocytes
Similar to eosinophils in size and shape of nuclei
monocytes - Answers -•Largest of the WBCs
•Spherical, kidney-shaped, oval, or lobed nuclei
•Agranulocytes
•Leave bloodstream to become macrophages
•3% to 9% of leukocytes
•Live for weeks to months
•Phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, debris
lymphocytes - Answers -•Slightly larger than R B C s; smallest W B C s
•Large spherical nucleus surrounded by thin rim of cytoplasm
•Agranulocytes
•T cells and B cells are major types; both important in immunity
•T cells directly attack pathogens, tumor cells
•B cells produce antibodies
•25% to 33% of leukocytes
•May live for years
hemostasis - Answers -stoppage of bleeding
thrombus - Answers -An abnormal blood clot that forms in a blood vessel
universal donor - Answers -Type O negative
universal recipient - Answers -AB positive
epicardium - Answers -outer layer of the heart
Myocardium - Answers -muscular, middle layer of the heart
endocardium - Answers -inner lining of the heart
atria - Answers -Thin-walled upper chambers; receive blood returning to heart
auricles - Answers -Flap-like projections from atria, which allow atrial expansion
ventricles - Answers -Thick-walled lower chambers; pump blood into arteries
right atrium - Answers -Receives deoxygenated blood from the body
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