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BSC 108 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BSC 108 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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BSC 108 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSUnderstand and be able to list the levels of biological organization and how they are
organized in a hierarchy from simplest to more complex. - Answers-atoms, molecules,
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities,
ecosystems, biosphere
Be able to list the properties common to all living things. - Answers-Complex yet orderly,
regulation, growth and development, energy processing (metabolism), response to the
environment, reproduction (DNA), evolution, cells.
Be able to define homeostasis. - Answers-The process of keeping internal conditions
such as temperature constant in an organism.
Be able to list the three domains of living organisms and the basic type of organisms
each domain contains. - Answers-Eukarya, Archaea, Bacteria; prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Understand and be able to list the steps of the scientific method using an example
experiment. - Answers-Observation, questions, hypothesis, prediction, experiment. Ex.
Experiment: Rats and caffeine. Observation: Rats operate for 12 hours of the day with
no caffeine. Question: How many hours a day would rats operate with caffeine?
Hypothesis: Rats will function for more hours of the day with caffeine. Prediction: Rats
will operate for 14 hours of the day instead of 12 hours of the day with caffeine.
Experiment: Create a control group (rats w/ no caffeine), experimental group (rats w/
caffeine) and document.
Know what data are and be able to give an example of a hypothesis, an experimental
variable, and a control group. - Answers-Hypothesis: a proposed explanation for a set of
observations. Experimental variable: the independent variable that is manipulated by
the researcher to determine its relationship to or influence upon some outcome or
dependent variable. Control group: the group in an experiment that receives no
treatment.
How do hypotheses differ from theories? Be able to give an example of a scientific
theory. - Answers-Hypothesis: a proposed explanation for a set of observations.
Scientific Theory: a widely accepted explanatory idea that is much broader in scope
than a hypothesis and is a comprehensive and well-substantiated explanation. I.e.
Darwin's Theory of Evolution
What is an element? - Answers-A substance that can't be broken down into another
substance by ordinary means.
Know the three components of an atom and their properties. - Answers-1. Protons have
a positive charge. 2. Neutrons are neutral. 3. Electrons have a negative charge.
, What do electrons do? - Answers-Electrons orbit around the protons and neutrons in the
nucleus of the atom.
What is a polar covalent bond? What is a polar molecule? - Answers-1. A covalent bond
in which electrons are not shared equally. 2. Creating partial positive and partial
negative charges at opposite ends of the molecule.
What is water/H2O? - Answers-Water is a polar molecule composed of two hydrogen
atoms and one oxygen atom.
How do water molecules form hydrogen bonds? What are waters' unique properties? -
Answers-A hydrogen bond with water molecules is the electrical attraction between
positively charged hydrogen atoms and negatively charged oxygen atoms. Unique
properties: high specific heat, good solvent, cohesive and adhesive, polar, ice floats.
Hydrophobic - Answers-Water fearing
Hydrophilic - Answers-Attracted to water
What makes a molecule hydrophilic/phobic? - Answers-Non-polar molecules that repel
water molecules are hydrophobic; molecules forming ionic or a hydrogen bond with the
water molecule are hydrophilic. This property of water was important for the evolution of
life.
What is the difference between acidic and basic solutions? - Answers-An acidic solution
has a high concentration of hydrogen ions (pH 0-6), greater than water. A basic solution
has a low concentration of hydrogen ions (pH 7-12), less than water.
How does the pH scale work? What is a 'buffer?' - Answers-0-6 acidic
7 neutral
8-14 basic. Buffers are molecules that minimize changes in pH in an organism.
What are the four major classes of large molecules? - Answers-Carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids.
What are some large molecules called, and what subunits are they made out of? -
Answers-Polymers; monomers.
How do subunits bond to each other? What is hydrolisis? - Answers-Two subunits
covalently bond to each other through the loss of a water molecule in a dehydration
reaction. Hydrolysis is the opposite of a dehydration reaction where a molecule of water
is added to break the covalent bond.
How are large molecules disassembled into subunits? - Answers-Hydrolysis reactions.
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