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BSC 108 EXAM 4 ALABAMA-YATES
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BSC 108 EXAM 4 ALABAMA-YATES
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BSC 108 EXAM 4 ALABAMA-YATESDarwin's publication - Answers-On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
-evolve
-natural selection
Darwin's ship - Answers-HMS Beagle
The islands where Darwin observed finches and giant tortoises are the __________
Islands. - Answers-Galapagos
basic idea of natural selection - Answers-organisms can change over generations and
individuals with certain heritable traits leave more offspring than others
result of natural selection - Answers-evolutionary adaptation
Darwin's observations of natural selection - Answers-overproduction
individual variation
What type of scientist studies fossils? - Answers-Paleontologist
3 examples of natural selection - Answers-pesticide resistance in insects
development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
drug resistant strains of HIV
mutation - Answers-A change in a gene or chromosome.
sexual recombination - Answers-Crossing over and shuffling of genes during meiosis.
directional selection - Answers-occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme
variations of a trait
directional selection phenotypic graph - Answers-
disruptive selection - Answers-favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic
range
disruptive selection graph - Answers-
Microevolution - Answers-Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations.
Macroevolution - Answers-Evolutionary change above the species level.
species - Answers-A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile
offspring.
, allopatric speciation - Answers-The formation of new species in populations that are
geographically isolated from one another.
sympatric speciation - Answers-The formation of new species in populations that live in
the same geographic area
What special circumstances are required to keep the gene pools separated in sympatric
speciation? - Answers-1) segregation of habitat
2) major alterations in mate recognition or behavior
3) genetic incompatibility
Pace of Speciation: Punctuated Equilibrium - Answers-proposed by Eldridge and Gould
species diverge in spurts of rapid change
fossils show record that most drastic changes in appearance of the time that new
species branch from parent
Pace of Speciation: Gradualism - Answers-envisioned by Darwin
slow, steady accumulation of small changes leads to production of species over time
fossil records show forms and change from ancestral to descendant species
prezygotic barriers - Answers-temporal: skunks mating at different times
habitat: garter snakes (water and land)
behavioral: boobies mating dance
mechanical: snails shell shape
Gametic: sea urchins sperm and eggs protein
post zygotic barriers - Answers-hybrid inviability: salamander species mate but offspring
fail to develop
hybrid sterility: mules are sterile
hybrid breakdown: F1 hybrids may be fertile but offspring are weak
ecology - Answers-Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between
organisms and their environment
abiotic factors - Answers-nonliving parts of an ecosystem
rain, soil, temperature
biotic factors - Answers-living parts of an ecosystem
animals, plants, fungi, bacteria
Unequal reproductive success - Answers-individuals with heritable traits best suited to
the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than less well-suited
individuals
homologous structures - Answers-Structures in different species that are similar
because of common ancestry.
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