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BSC 108 TEST 3 UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
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BSC 108 TEST 3 UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA
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BSC 108: TEST 3 UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMAAdenine always pairs with - Answers-Thymine (A=T)
Cystosine always pairs with - Answers-Guanine (C=G)
nitrogen-containing bases (adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine) of the two strands
are held to each other by - Answers-hydrogen bonds
a DNA molecule contains _____ strands of DNA - Answers-2
What are the three types of RNA - Answers-mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
function of mRNA (messenger) - Answers-carries genetic info copied from DNA
function of tRNA (transfers) - Answers-deciphering code words
function of rRNA - Answers-form ribosomes
point mutation: - Answers-a change in one base pair of a gene
point mutation can change a gene's ________ - Answers-protein product
plasmid - Answers-small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many
bacteria
genetically modified organism - Answers-An organism whose genetic material has been
altered through some genetic engineering technology or technique.
transgenic organism - Answers-organism that is genetically engineered by inserting a
gene from another organism
restriction enzyme - Answers-Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of
nucleotides
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - Answers-A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA
in vitro by incubating with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides.
stem cell - Answers-unspecialized cell that can develop into a specialized cell under the
right conditions
gene therapy - Answers-a technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary
disease or to improve the genome
therapeutic cloning - Answers-The cloning of human cells by nuclear transplantation for
therapeutic purposes, such as the generation of embryonic stem cells to treat disease.
, DNA fingerprinting - Answers-The analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or
fluids in order to identify individuals.
common uses of DNA fingerprinting - Answers-
adaptation: - Answers-is a characteristic that helps an individual survive and reproduce.
the two main ideas of Darwin's The Origin of Species: - Answers-1.that evolution
explains life's unity and diversity
2. that natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution.
What is the structure of RNA - Answers-a single-stranded nucleic acid
RNA contains ____ instead of thymine - Answers-Uracil
RNA contains the ____ instead of deoxyribose - Answers-sugar ribose
transcription is the ______ of mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) under the direction of
DNA - Answers-synthesis
transcription takes place in the _____ of the cell - Answers-nucleus
information flows in a cell from ___to ___to ____ - Answers-DNA, RNA, Protein
DNA makes RNA through____ - Answers-transcription
RNA makes protein through____ - Answers-translation.
mutation: - Answers-a change in the genetic material of a cell
the Darwin's theory of natural selection: - Answers-that organisms have variations, that
organisms struggle to exist, that organisms differ in fitness, that organisms that are
more fit will successfully reproduce and pass on desirable variations, and in this way
organisms become adapted to their environments.
Darwinian fitness: - Answers-the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its
environment
artificial selection. - Answers-Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the
natural variation among different organisms
natural selection - Answers-A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms
best adapted to the environment.
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