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TEST BANK PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND HEALTH ASSESSMENT 4TH CANADIAN EDITION by JARVIS
TEST BANK PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND HEALTH ASSESSMENT 4TH CANADIAN EDITION by JARVIS
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TEST BANK PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND HEALTHASSESSMENT 4TH CANADIAN EDITION by JARVIS
,Chapter 01: Critical Thinking and Evidence-Informed Assessment
Jarvis: Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 4th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which type of data is collected by obtaining vital signs?
a. Objective
b. Reflecting
c. Subjective
d. Introspective
CORRECT CHOICE:- A
Rationale :->>> Objective data are what the health professional observes by inspecting,
percussing, palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination. Subjective data are
what the person says about themselves during history taking. The terms reflective and
introspective are not used to describe data.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
2. During an assessment, a client describes feeling warm, nauseated, and nervous. Which type
of data is collected?
a. Objective
b. Reflective
c. Subjective
d. Introspective
CORRECT CHOICE:- C
Rationale :->>> Subjective data are what the person says about themselves during history
taking. Objective data are what the health professional observes by inspecting, percussing,
palpating, and auscultating during the physical examination. The terms reflective and
introspective are not used to describe data.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
3. Which part of a client’s health record is created when combining laboratory studies,
objective data, and subjective data?
a. Database
b. Admitting data
c. Triage form
d. Discharge summary
CORRECT CHOICE:- A
Rationale :->>> Together with the client’s record and laboratory studies, the objective and
subjective data form the database. The other items are not part of the client’s record,
laboratory studies, or data.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Remembering (Knowledge)
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
,4. Which action will the caregiver complete if while listening to a client’s breath sounds, they
areunsure of a sound heard?
a. Immediately notify the client’s most responsible practitioner.
b. Document the sound exactly as it was heard.
c. Validate the data by asking a coworker to listen to the breath sounds.
d. Assess again in 20 minutes to note whether the sound is still present.
CORRECT CHOICE:- C
Rationale :->>> when unsure of a sound heard while listening to a client’s breath sounds, the
caregiver validates the data to ensure accuracy. If the caregiver has less experience in an area,
then they would ask anexpert to listen.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Analyzing (Analysis)
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
5. Which approach do novice caregivers utilize when making decisions?
a. Intuition
b. Clear-cut rules
c. Articles in journals
d. Advice from supervisors
CORRECT CHOICE:- B
Rationale :->>> Novice caregivers operate from a set of defined, structured rules. Expert
practitioners use criticalthinking and their substantial background of experience.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) MSC: Client Needs: General
6. Which method moves a caregiver from novice to expert?
a. Critical thinking
b. The nursing process
c. Clinical knowledge
d. Diagnostic reasoning
CORRECT CHOICE:- A
Rationale :->>> Critical thinking is a multidimensional, dynamic, and interactive thinking
process by whichexpert caregivers assess and make decisions in the clinical area.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension) MSC: Client Needs: General
7. Which statement reflects the meaning of evidence-informed practice (EIP)?
a. Best practice techniques to treat clients. Taking note solely from Registered
Caregivers Association of Ontario (RNAO)
b. Clinician experience and expertise to guide practice. Sometimes reflecting on the
client perspective
c. Life-long problem-solving approach to clinical decision making using best
available evidence
d. The client’s own preferences are not important in EIP
CORRECT CHOICE:- C
, Rationale :->>> EIP is more than the use of best practice techniques to treat clients; it can be
defined as a paradigm and lifelong problem-solving approach to clinical decision making that
involves theconscientious use of the best available evidence (including a systematic search
for and criticalappraisal of the most relevant evidence to answer a clinical question) with
one’s own clinical expertise and client values and preferences to improve outcomes for
individuals, groups, communities, and systems. EIP is more than simply using the best
practice techniques to treat clients, and questioning tradition is important when no compelling
and supportive research evidence exists.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Applying (Application)
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
8. Which example illustrates a first-level priority problem?
a. Postoperative pain
b. Newly diagnosed diabetes needing diabetic teaching
c. Small laceration on the sole of the foot
d. Shortness of breath and respiratory distress
CORRECT CHOICE:- D
Rationale :->>> First-level priority problems are those that are emergent, life-threatening,
and immediate (e.g.,establishing an airway, supporting breathing, maintaining circulation,
monitoring abnormal vital signs) (see Table 1.1 – Identifying Immediate Priorities).
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
9. Which critical thinking skill recognizes relationships among the data?
a. Validation
b. Clustering related cues
c. Identifying gaps in data
d. Distinguishing relevant data from irrelevant data
CORRECT CHOICE:- B
Rationale :->>> Clustering related cues helps the caregiver see relationships among the data.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Understanding (Comprehension)
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
10. Which diagnosis is critical to develop appropriate nursing interventions for a client?
a. Nursing
b. Medical
c. Admission
d. Collaborative
CORRECT CHOICE:- A
Rationale :->>> An accurate nursing diagnosis provides the basis for the selection of nursing
interventions to achieve outcomes for which the caregiver is accountable. The other items do
not contribute to thedevelopment of appropriate nursing interventions.
DIFFICULTY: Cognitive Level: Remembering
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care
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