,1. Multiple Choice: What is the primary purpose of
randomized controlled trials in evidence-based nursing?
a) To test nursing theories
b) To evaluate patient outcomes
c) To establish cause-and-effect relationships
d) To explore new nursing interventions
Correct Answer: c) To establish cause-and-effect
relationships
Rationale: Randomized controlled trials are considered
the gold standard in clinical research because they are
designed to minimize bias, thus providing the most reliable
evidence for establishing cause-and-effect relationships.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The __________ model is a framework
for translating research findings into clinical practice.
Correct Answer: Iowa
Rationale: The Iowa model is one of the most widely used
frameworks for evidence-based practice, guiding clinicians
in the translation of research findings into clinical practice.
3. True/False: Meta-analysis provides a quantitative
estimate of the effect of a specific intervention.
Correct Answer: True
Rationale: Meta-analysis is a statistical technique that
combines the results of multiple studies to provide a more
precise estimate of the effect of an intervention or
treatment.
, c) Data extraction and synthesis
d) Random selection of studies
Correct Answers: a) Comprehensive literature search, b)
Critical appraisal of individual studies, c) Data extraction
and synthesis
Rationale: Systematic reviews require a comprehensive
literature search, critical appraisal, and data synthesis to
summarize the evidence on a given topic. Random
selection of studies is not a component of systematic
reviews.
5. Multiple Choice: In global healthcare research, the term
'burden of disease' refers to:
a) The financial cost of treating a disease
b) The total number of people affected by a disease
c) The impact of a health problem as measured by
financial cost, mortality, morbidity, or other indicators
d) The weight of the medical equipment required to treat a
disease
Correct Answer: c) The impact of a health problem as
measured by financial cost, mortality, morbidity, or other
indicators
Rationale: 'Burden of disease' encompasses all the
various impacts of a health problem, including the economic
burden and the effects on quality of life.
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