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Psych 203 final exam, Psych 203 exam 3, Psy 203 Exam 2, Psych 203 Exam 1 || with Accurate Answers 100%.
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Observational Research correct answers describing what is (or has been) observed without manipulating situation; non-experimental Examples of Observational Research correct answers case studies, naturalistic observation, surveys, and relational, archival, and participant-observer researc...

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  • October 16, 2024
  • 43
  • 2024/2025
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Psych 203 final exam, Psych 203 exam 3, Psy 203 Exam 2,
Psych 203 Exam 1 || with Accurate Answers 100%.
Observational Research correct answers describing what is (or has
been) observed without
manipulating situation;
non-experimental

Examples of Observational
Research correct answers case studies, naturalistic
observation, surveys, and
relational, archival, and
participant-observer
research

Naturalistic Observation correct answers AKA field study; observing
on-going behavior in its
natural surroundings (e.g.,
chimp studies in the wild,
collision avoidance, etc.)

Limitations & Concerns of
Observational Research correct answers lack of control; maintaining
descriptive level; observer
bias; subject reactivity

Value of Observational
Research correct answers good source of information
& ideas; when experiments
are impossible or unethical;
and measuring
opinions/attitudes

Archival Research correct answers [slide definition] collect data
from public records

Participant-Observer
Research correct answers researcher/observer joins
(participates in) group being
observed (e.g., becoming
end-of-world/survivalist
group member)

Maintaining Descriptive
Level correct answers not mixing interpretation

,with description of events
(e.g., anthropomorphizing)

observer bias correct answers describing selectively or in
terms of your expectations

reactivity counter measures correct answers direct unobtrusive
measures/observations and
indirect unobtrusive
measures

indirect unobtrusive measures correct answers behavior observed indirectly
via its effects/products (e.g.,
lost letter technique or
footwear around/fingerprints
on display)

behavior checklists correct answers lists of behaviors with
predefined operational
definitions that researchers
are trained to use in an
observational study

Subject Reactivity correct answers those observed don't
behave naturally (i.e.,
reacting to being observed)

Direct Unobtrusive
Measures correct answers subjects don't know they're
being observed (e.g.,
videotaping or concealed
observer)

Anthropomorphizing correct answers attributing human qualities
to behavior of other
(non)human animals

Time Sampling correct answers a procedure in observational
research in which behavior
is sampled during
predefined times only (e.g.,
every 10 minutes)

Event Sampling correct answers a procedure in observational
research in which only
certain types of behaviors

,occurring under precisely
defined conditions are
sampled

Survey correct answers a descriptive method in
which participants are asked
a series of questions or
respond to a series of
statements about a topic

Baseline (A) correct answers pretreatment phase in which
treatment is not applied and
performance measured

Shaping Design correct answers small-n design; successively
implement stricter criteria for
reinforcement; criterion is
new baseline for the
progressive step up in
criterion

Interobserver Reliability correct answers the degree of agreement
between two or more
observers of the same event

Alternating-Treatments
Design correct answers small-n design; compares
within the same study two or
more treatments on the
same behavior (DV); rapidly
presents the treatments
multiple times

Between-Subjects Design correct answers each subject receives only
one level of IV; compare
groups of subjects

Characteristics of
Pseudoscience correct answers 1) language of science &
mimicked procedures, 2)
burden of proof shifted, 3)
argument by exclusion, 4)
shunned by mainstream, &
5) no rules of evidence

Confirmation Bias correct answers look for evidence that goes

, with own ideas and dismiss
things that do not fit

Dependent Variable (DV) correct answers whatever the experimenter
measures/records; value
depends upon the level of
the IV; usually plotted along
the y-axis of a graph

Independent Variable (IV) correct answers whatever the experimenter
manipulates; must have at
least 2 levels; suspected
cause of some
psychological phenomenon

Main Effect correct answers differences between levels
of an IV averaged over all
levels of every other IV

Debriefing correct answers experimenter explains
purpose of study to
participants after study,
reduces discomfort, and
answers questions

Empiricism correct answers source of knowledge;
knowledge from
experience/observation

Informed Consent correct answers participants should be given
sufficient information about
a study to make voluntary
decision to be in study;
know the risks involved

Interaction correct answers effect of one IV depends
upon the level of another IV

Multiple Baseline Across
Subjects Design correct answers all subjects get baseline
condition, then treatment
condition started with first
subject while the rest
continue with baseline until
all exposed to treatment

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