UWEC Bio 222 Exam 1 Questions and Answers New (2025/2026) Solved 100% Correct
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Course
UWEC Bio 222
Institution
UWEC Bio 222
Requirements for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium - ️️1. No mutations
2. Large population so random chance does not cause allele frequency changes
3. No migration in or out of the population
4. Random mating happens
5. No phenotypic advantage is present
Analogous structures - ️️Parts that ha...
UWEC Bio 222 Exam 1
Requirements for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium - ✔️✔️1. No mutations
2. Large population so random chance does not cause allele frequency changes
3. No migration in or out of the population
4. Random mating happens
5. No phenotypic advantage is present
Analogous structures - ✔️✔️Parts that have the same function, but developed from
different lineages
Genetic bottleneck - ✔️✔️Losing genetic or phenotypic diversity due to genetic drift
Gene flow - ✔️✔️Movement of new alleles from one population to another
What happens if a population is not in HW equilibrium - ✔️✔️Evolution
Directional selection - ✔️✔️Change of the phenotypic frequency direction over time
Stabilizing selection - ✔️✔️Reduction of phenotypic frequency over time (a happy
average is found)
Disruptive equilibrium - ✔️✔️Selection pushes the population in two directions at once
Balancing selection - ✔️✔️Maintaining genetic diversity through balanced
polymorphism
Homologous structures - ✔️✔️Characteristics from a common ancestor, share a
developmental pathway
Genetic drift - ✔️✔️Random chance of gene variation in a population
What are the prezygotic isolation mechanisms? - ✔️✔️1. Habitat isolation
2. Temporal isolation
3. Behavioral isolation
4. Grasping appendages
5. Floral structure
6. Gamete recognition
, What are the postzygotic isolation mechanisms? - ✔️✔️1. Hybrid inviable (fetus does
not develop correctly)
2. Hybrid sterility
3. Hybrid breakdown
Allopatric speciation - ✔️✔️Development of new species due to geographic separation
Vicariance - ✔️✔️Barrier that prevents migration
Adaptive radiation - ✔️✔️Species separates to different environments
Sympatric speciation - ✔️✔️Development of new species within a population (hard to
do)
Disruptive speciation - ✔️✔️Natural selection drives a population in two ways at once
Polyploidy - ✔️✔️Duplication of genomes
Gradualism - ✔️✔️Species from a common ancestor diverged overtime and acquire
unique morphologies
Punctuated equilibrium - ✔️✔️Species changes most as it buds from parent and
changes very little more
Convergent evolution - ✔️✔️Two species from different lineages become anatomically
similar when in similar environments
Horizontal gene transfer - ✔️✔️Genes from one species are introduced to another
How are species named? - ✔️✔️Genus + specific epithet
Proximate cause - ✔️✔️Answers how, short-term, neuro/hormonal/developmental,
genetic physiological
Ultimate cause - ✔️✔️Answers why, long-term, fitness benefits vs. costs, evolutionary
history
Niche - ✔️✔️Set of resources and conditions a species needs to survive and reproduce
Stress - ✔️✔️Reduced fitness due suboptimal resources and conditions
Resources - ✔️✔️Commodities that can be depleted
Conditions - ✔️✔️Things that affect vital rates
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