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PSYC 242 Correct Answers 2024/2025
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PSYC 242 Correct Answers 2024/2025
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PSYC 242 Correct Answers 2024/2025Social Psychology ANS✔✔ The scientific study of how individuals think, feel and believe in a social context
Social Brain Hypothesis (4) ANS✔✔ -proposed by Robin Dunbar
-to explain disproportion between the (large) brain and human body size
-large brain required to be able to work together efficiently
-our default setting is social cognition
Hindsight Bias (2) ANS✔✔ -things seem obvious after the fact
-Dan Gilbert: hindsight bias is pervasive (for example, good ideas in psychology usually seem familiar)
2 Important Themes in Social Psychology (2) ANS✔✔ 1. Situations have profound influence on people
2. People do not realize that situations affect them
Causes of Aggression (6) ANS✔✔ -personality variables
-socialization
-biological factors (hungry, tired)
-provocation
-situational factors
-weather (heat)
Confidence v Accuracy (2) ANS✔✔ -people are not good at knowing the causes of their thoughts, feelings and behaviors
-can answer what they do much better than why
Correlation (2) ANS✔✔ -multiple correlational studies can answer why people do things
-are trying to determine whether or not variables are associated
,Correlational Studies (2) ANS✔✔ -4 experiments (Reagan-Mondale, Guess Who, Tips, Social Togetherness)
-each illustrate something about the power of social context
Reagan-Mondale Experiment (6) ANS✔✔ -1984 election season: Reagan was overwhelmingly favored but people
worried about his age
-performed poorly at a debate which gave Mondale a shot
-Reagan comes back for second debate and is ready for a question about his age
-turns it around to say that he won't use age to point out his opponent's inexperience and sealed his presidency
-answer was so good because of the social validation
-people laughed and thought he was good
-when you cut the reaction or the entire part entirely, Mondale was either predicted to win or at least split the crowd
between neither and Mondale
Guess Who? Experiment (6) ANS✔✔ -based on the children's board game (battle ship style)
-confederate has a person and the subject is asking the questions to identify the character
-best questions to ask are about gender, race, background color
-variable: confederate's race (subject was always white)
-people avoided asking about race
-especially when the confederate was black
Mimicry Experiment (4) ANS✔✔ -Tip size influenced by waiter/waitress behavior
-multiple studies on this
-casual touching, introducing one's self, writing thank you, drawing a happy face, squatting next to the table
-Mimicry: waitress mimicked customers' orders and saw increased number of tips
Puzzle Solving (7) ANS✔✔ -subtlety/automaticity of social togetherness
-subjects are instructed to work on a difficult (unsolvable) puzzle
-researchers asked how long they will persist, how much they enjoyed it and how tired they get doing it?
, -condition: half were told that they would receive a tip from someone else working on the puzzle (who'd they met)
-everyone receives the tip and everyone actually worked alone
-3 results: when psychologically together lasted longer, decreased self-reported tiredness, decreased stroop
interference
-even feeling together makes people perform better
Stroop Interference ANS✔✔ reaction time interference due to mental exhaustion
The Social Animal (3) ANS✔✔ -a book that talked about the importance of your social context
-social relationships
-real and virtual contexts
Subtle Forms of Social Influence (2) ANS✔✔ -Automatic influences
-Mimicry
Automatic Influences ANS✔✔ Yawning
Mimicry (3) ANS✔✔ -Profitability: tip experiment
-smoother interaction: confederate touches cheek or shakes foot; if confederate mimics subject, subject likes the
confederate more
-in infants: mimicry promotes a prosocial orientation towards others
Social Rejection (3) ANS✔✔ -Kip Williams: cyberball where you are left out after a bit
-social rejection can be so painful that it produces activity in the same part of the brain (anterior cingulate cortex) as
when we feel physical pain
-this pain is still felt when rejected by people you don't even like
Forms of Social Influence (3) ANS✔✔ -Conformity
-Compliance
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