Summary of the topic of epithelial and supporting tissue from Campbell Biology a Global Approach, 11th edition. This summary includes notes of accompanying MasteringBiology assignments, lectures and any lectures.
Summary of the topic of epithelial and connective tissue from Campbell Biology a Glob...
Samenvatting Hoofdstuk 8 van Biology a Global Approach 11th edition
Samenvatting Hoofdstuk 7 van Biology a Global Apprach 11th edition
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Epitheel- en Steunweefsel
(BOOK)
Tissues
Interstitial fluid is the fluid between cells.
Cells > tissues > organs > organ systems
(the skin is an organ of the integumentary system, which protects against infection and helps
regulate body temperature)
There are four main types of animal tissues:
Epithelial tissues are closely packed, often with tight junctions and they function as a barrier.
All epithelia are polarized (two different sides) apical surface (lumen our outside of the
organ) and basal surface (‘inner site’).
o Stratified squamous epithelium
Multi-layered
Regenerates rapidly by division near the basal surface
o Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Single layer of cells varying in height and position of nuclei
Can be ciliated (covered by cilia (trilhaar))
Overgangsepitheel bekleed de binnenzijde van de blaas, en kan sterk van
vorm veranderen.
o Simple squamous epithelium
Single layer of plate like cells
Easy diffusion of nutrients and gases
o Simple columnar epithelium
Large brick-shaped cells
Places where secretion or active absorption is important
o Cuboidal epithelium
Dice-shaped cells specialized for secretion
Connective tissue consist of sparse populations of cells scattered through an extracellular
matrix. The matrix generally consists of a web of fibers embedded in a liquid, jellylike, or
solid foundation. Within the matrix there are fibroblasts (secrete fibre proteins) and
macrophages (engulf by phagocytosis). There are three main connective tissue fibers
collagenous fibers (strength and flexibility), reticular fibers (connect tissues) and elastic
fibers.
o Loose connective tissue
Binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place
Includes all three types of fibers
o Fibrous connective tissue
Dense with collagenous fibers
Found in tendons and ligaments
o Bone
Consists of repeating units called osteons
o Blood
Plasma, red- and white blood cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes)
o Adipose tissue
, Stores fat in adipose cells
Each adipose cell contains a large fat droplet that can slink and grow
o Cartilage
Collagenous fibers embedded in a rubbery protein-carbohydrate complex
(chondroitin sulfate). Chondrocytes secrete the collagen and chondroitin
sulfate
Muscle
o Skeletal muscle
Attached to bones by tendons
Bundles of long cells with striations
o Smooth muscle
Lacks striations
Spindle shaped
o Cardiac muscle
Striated like skeletal muscle
Branched fibers that interconnect via intercalated disks help synchronize
heart contraction
Nervous
o Neurons
Transmit nerve impulses
Receives by dendrites and sends by axons
o Glia
Isolate and support nervous cells (rigidity)
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