What type of shock can occur with cardiac tamponade? - - cardiogenic shock
What type of shock can occur with Severe proinflammatory response to fungal infection? - - septic shock
Which happens first in any type of shock? (Less ATP is available for cell function, Cell shifts to anaerobic met...
Hypoxic cell injury in shock is characterized by cell swelling. The cell swelling is a direct result of which of
the following?
a. increased intracellular calcium
b. anaerobic metabolism
c. hyperlactatemia
d. sodium-potassium pump failure - ✔✔✔ - d
Which of the following is (are) true related to the acidosis characteristic of shock states?
a. It is a form of metabolic acidosis.
b. It results from excessive anaerobic metabolism in the cell.
c. It results in increased release of oxygen from the hemoglobin molecule.
d. All of the above are true.
e. None of the above are true. - ✔✔✔ - d
Impaired glucose utilization resulting from shock states leads to which of the following?
a. hyperlipidemia
b. decreased glycogen stores
c. increased production of glucose from amino acids
d. hyperglycemia
e. all of the above - ✔✔✔ - e
The majority of cases of cardiogenic shock occur as a result of which of the following?
a. use of cardiopulmonary bypass
,b. MI
c. valvular abnormalities
d. tension pneumothorax - ✔✔✔ - b
Which of the following statements is false related to neurogenic (vasogenic) shock?
a. It is characterized by a relative hypovolemia.
b. It involves excessive accumulation of blood in the venous system.
c. It reduces right ventricular preload.
d. It may result from decreased PNS input or increased SNS input.
e. None of the above are false. - ✔✔✔ - d
Which of the following statements is false with regard to septic shock?
a. Septic shock results from relative hypovolemia due primarily to massive mediator-induced vasodilation.
b. Septic shock can result in fever or hypothermia.
c. Septic shock has an identifiable etiology in most cases.
d. Septic shock continues to have a high mortality rate despite treatment advances. - ✔✔✔ - c
One criterion for a diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is which of the following?
a. T 37.5
b. WBC 10,460
c. HR 96
d. RR 14 - ✔✔✔ - c
One of the theories that is identified over and over in the sepsis literature as a significant factor in the
development of MODS is:
,a. pre-existing immunosuppression.
b. documented infection with gram negative/gram positive organisms.
c. bacterial translocation in the gut.
d. reperfusion injury of the endothelium. - ✔✔✔ - c
Secondary MODS, unlike primary MODS, is associated with which of the following?
a. excessive inflammatory response in organs distant from site of injury
b. ischemia of the injured organ(s)
c. both
d. neither - ✔✔✔ - a
In MODS, dysfunction in 3 organ systems is associated with a mortality of approximately:
a. 10%.
b. 20%.
c. 40%.
d. 80%. - ✔✔✔ - d
Which of the following describe the hematologic abnormalities present in MODS?
a. prothrombotic
b. antifibrinolytic
c. proinflammator
d. all of the above
e. none of the above - ✔✔✔ - d
The effect of catecholamines on the heart is to:
a) increase the refractory period
b) decrease calcium influx
, c) increase the strength of myocardial contraction
d) decrease the heart rate - ✔✔✔ - c
The pressure of the volume in the ventricle at the end of diastole is called:
a) ventricular resistance
b) preload
c) surface tension
d) afterload - ✔✔✔ - B
According to the Frank-Starling law of the heart, a small increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume
in the healthy heart will result in:
a) a decrease in force of contraction
b) an increase in myocardial oxygenation
c) an increase in HR
d) an increase in CO - ✔✔✔ - d
left ventricular afterload is determined by:
a) left end-diastolic pressure
b) pulmonary vascular resistance
c) systemic vascular resistance
d) left ventricular compliance - ✔✔✔ - C
Multiplying heart rate by stroke volume determines:
a) vascular resistance
b) cardiac output
c) ejection fraction
d) preload - ✔✔✔ - B
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