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ATSC 113 Flying Midterm Exam Questions and Answers

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ATSC 113 Flying Midterm Exam Questions and Answers Convective clouds characteristics - Answer--cotton balls due to buoyancy of warm humid air rising through cooler air -associated with strong updrafts and cold fronts -see cat's paws (downdrafts of air hitting ground, slightly darker/rougher pa...

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  • October 16, 2024
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ATSC 113 Flying Midterm Exam
Questions and Answers

Convective clouds characteristics - Answer✔✔--cotton balls due to buoyancy of warm humid air

rising through cooler air


-associated with strong updrafts and cold fronts


-see cat's paws (downdrafts of air hitting ground, slightly darker/rougher patches of water or

wavy grain)




tend to form behind cold fronts, clear and sunny days, over warmer urban centres, or when cold

air blows over warmer surfaces (mountains trigger cumulus clouds too)


types of cumuliform clouds - Answer✔✔-small: cumulus humilis


medium: cumulus mediocris


large: cumulus congestus


extra-large: cumulonimbus/thunderstorms


stratiform clouds characteristics - Answer✔✔--sheets/blankets




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-associated with warm fronts and layers of atmosphere with different relative temperatures

(happy cake)




not usually turbulent, but pilots need to fly on instruments in stratiform clouds and ice could

form on aircraft if the stratiform clouds are cool enough


types of stratiform clouds - Answer✔✔-high: cirrus (ice crystals), cirrostratus (ice, halo), and

cirrocumulus (mix, lumpy)


middle: altostratus (mix, corona) and altocumulus (mix)


low: stratus (liquid/mix) and nimbostratus (drizzle)


stratocumulus clouds characteristics - Answer✔✔-low altitude layer of lumpy clouds


(characteristics of both cumuliform and stratiform clouds)


clouds in unstable air aloft--castellanus clouds - Answer✔✔--clue that atmosphere is becoming

unstable; thunderstorms possible later


-a type of stratiform clouds; aka castle turrets




can form at:


high altitudes (cirrus castellanus, cirrocumulus castellanus)


mid-altitude (altocumulus castellanus)


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low altitude (stratucumulus castellanus)


clouds in unstable air aloft--billow (K-H wave) clouds - Answer✔✔--indicate wind shear and

clear-air turbulence


-Kelvin-Helmholtz waves: wind shear causing waves to form in a layer where cooler air underlies

warmer air


-look like parallel bands/an accordion


-often seen in high-alt clouds (cirrocumulus undulatus) or mid-alt clouds (altocumulus

undulatus)


-breaking KH wave clouds show 'cat's eyes' swirls


clouds associated with strong winds across mountains--lenticular (mountain-wave) clouds -

Answer✔✔--indicate vertical wind oscillations and possible mountain-wave turbulence


-remain stationary relative to the mountain (aka standing lenticular)


-can fly through sideways


-lenticular clouds over mountains are called cap clouds, if over a mountain range will see wave

clouds parallel to the ridge of the mountains


clouds associated with strong winds across mountains--rotor clouds - Answer✔✔--indicate

severe or extreme turbulence at low altitudes due to mountain waves


-turbulent, ragged looking clouds at low-alt that rotate about a horizontal axis to the mountain

range (downwind of mountain)

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-if not humid enough, strong mountain winds can still have rotors (without the clouds)


clouds associated with strong winds across mountains--banner clouds - Answer✔✔--indicate

strong turbulence touching the downwind side of a tall, isolated mountain peak (form on

downwind side of mountain peak)


-looks like a flag flying off the mountainside


clouds formed by extra heat, updrafts, or turbulence--pyrocumulus (cumulus flammagenitus) -

Answer✔✔--indicate strong forest fires, possible thunderstorms in smoke (form over forest fires

and volcanoes)


clouds formed by extra heat, updrafts, or turbulence--pileus clouds - Answer✔✔--harmless, no

affect to flying (form over fast growing cumulus clouds, short lived)


clouds formed by extra heat, updrafts, or turbulence--fractus/scud clouds - Answer✔✔--indicate

high humidity and strong winds at low altitudes (form in turbulent humid air near the ground)


-stratus silvagenitus (when these clouds form over forested hillsides from forest moisture)




forms in two ways:


1) precipitation fog--warm rain falls through cooler air, evaporates and re-condenses


2) lifting condensation level--cool humid air forced upwards by updrafts


clouds formed by humans--fumulus (cumulus homogenitus) clouds - Answer✔✔--harmless, no

affect on flying (water-droplet clouds over cooling towers)

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