shortcomings, mistakes, and transgressions to others or attributes personal motives, desires,
characteristics, and impulses to others.
Defense Mechanisms: Rationalization - answer✔Rationalization is a subconscious technique for
justifying actions that otherwise would be unacceptable. When true rationalization takes place,
individuals sincerely believe in the plausible and acceptable excuses which seem real and
justifiable.
Defense Mechanisms: Reaction Formation - answer✔In reaction formation a person fakes a
belief opposite to the true belief because the true belief causes anxiety. The person feels an urge
to do or say something and then actually does or says something that is the opposite of what he
or she really wants. For example, a learner may develop a who-cares-how-other-people-feel
attitude to cover up feelings of loneliness and a hunger for acceptance.
Defense Mechanisms: Fantasy - answer✔Fantasy occurs when a learner engages in daydreams
about how things should be rather than doing anything about how things are.
Defense Mechanisms: Displacement - answer✔This defense mechanism results in an
unconscious shift of emotion, affect, or desire from the original object to a more acceptable, less
threatening substitute. Displacement avoids the risk associated with feeling unpleasant emotions
and puts them somewhere other than where they belong. For example, the avionics learner is
angry with the instructor over a grade received but fears displaying the anger could antagonize
the instructor. The learner might choose to direct the anger towards a different object without
risking consequences related to the class.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sirjoel. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
