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Plsc 440 exam 1 questions well answered to pass
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Plsc 440 exam 1 questions well answered to pass
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Plsc 440 exam 1 questions wellanswered to pass 2024-2025
unit of analysis - correct answer ✔✔The major entity that one is studying in a study. This entity is at a
certain level of specification, individuals, groups, Institutions, countries, etc.
ecological fallacy - correct answer ✔✔Drawing conclusions about individual attributes from data
gathered at a higher level of analysis; groups, societies.
Operationalization - correct answer ✔✔the process of turning an abstract variable into something we
can measure directly
How did Krasner operationalize the dependent variable? - correct answer ✔✔he found ways in which to
measure the levels of trade openness within the global IR system. in three manners
1: (sum of Imports and Exports / global GDP)
2: Level of Tariff rates- (20%,60%) etc.
3: Levels of regional integration such as membership levels within the EU to measure regional trading
patterns. (No longer using this measure in today's times because due to high barriers of membership for
these groups).
Neoclassical Trade Theory - correct answer ✔✔based upon the assumption that states act to maximize
their aggregate economic utility with every decision they make.
-Market is the center of analysis
-Government is necessary to provide; externalities both positive and negative, and public goods.
A hegemonic system- - correct answer ✔✔Claims that the presence of a single, strongly dominant actor
in international politics leads to collectively desirable outcomes for all states in the international system
(usually an open system). Conversely, the absence of it is associated with disorder and undesirable
outcomes.
, positive externality - correct answer ✔✔a benefit received by someone (3rd party) who had nothing to
do with the activity that generated the benefit. Ex. Technological spill over, ALMP, and Foreign direct
investments, a breakthrough in medical research quickly spreads to other nations.
negative externality - correct answer ✔✔the harm, cost, or inconvenience suffered by a third party
because of actions by other actors. Can include trans-boundary air and water pollution, global warming,
tourism from other nations, manufacturing pollution.
under what conditions do governments interfere in a neoclassical system. - correct answer ✔✔Can be a
non market force that helps regulate the development of positive and negative externalities. It stops
negative externalities if there is a need to limit the negative impact on a neighbor, and may stop positive
externalities if people from neighboring countries are utilizing a positive externality, or if there is a need
to create one. It also comes into play when there is a crisis where a public good needs to be instilled into
the state.
private goods - correct answer ✔✔goods that are both excludable and rival in consumption
common property goods - correct answer ✔✔goods that are rival and non-excludable
spite goods - correct answer ✔✔goods that are excludable but non-rival
public goods - correct answer ✔✔Goods that are neither excludable nor rival in consumption
path dependency - correct answer ✔✔The process by which the historical legacies (belief systems) and
outcomes of the past (nature of political markets) impact actors and organizations in the present, so
once a path has been chosen, it is very likely that the actor will stay on that path; it is hard to break out
of.
How does North define institutions? - correct answer ✔✔As humanely devised constraints that structure
human interaction. Made up of:
-formal constraints: (rules, laws)
and informal constraints: (norms, morals)
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