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NU 327 Exam 4 Practice Questions and Answers

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NU 327 Exam 4 Practice Questions and Answers What is the goal of the circulatory system? - Answer-transport oxygen and nutrients and the removal of metabolic waste in the body What is the role of the lymphatic system? - Answer-reabsorbs fluid that leaks out of vascular network Describe the st...

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  • October 16, 2024
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EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024




NU 327 Exam 4 Practice Questions and
Answers

What is the goal of the circulatory system? - Answer✔✔-transport oxygen and nutrients and

the removal of metabolic waste in the body


What is the role of the lymphatic system? - Answer✔✔-reabsorbs fluid that leaks out of vascular

network


Describe the structure of arteries - Answer✔✔-3 layers


- tunica intima: endothelial cells, direct contact w the blood and smooth


- tunica media: muscular tissue that constricts and dilates when needed


- tunica adventitia: connective tissue


What effect does the composition of the blood have on the endothelium? - Answer✔✔-- high

cholesterol causes injury to the endothelial wall and fat deposits on artery walls


- glucose damages walls


- vasoconstriction


- nicotine


Hyperlipidemia - Answer✔✔-elevated levels of lipids in the blood stream


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Etiology Hyperlipidemia - Answer✔✔-- elevated levels of lipids


- leads to atherosclerosis


- 20% of adults older than 20


What are the effects of smoking on the body? - Answer✔✔-- increased thrombus formation


- nicotine elevates levels of LDL and decreases levels of HDL


- vasospasms


- increased platelet aggregation


- release of endogenous catecholamines


coronary heart disease


Saturated Fats - Answer✔✔-solid forms of animal fats (meat, eggs, butter, cheese)


Unsaturated Fats - Answer✔✔-liquid forms of fat (any kinda oil)


S&S Of Hyperlipidemia - Answer✔✔-- some are asymptomatic until there is a problem


- xanthoma and xanthelasma


- yellow ring around cornea (arcus senilis)


- metabolic syndrome (obesity, HTN, glucose intolerance)


How is hyperlipidemia diagnosed? - Answer✔✔-- Total cholesterol: less than 200 mg/dL


- LDL: less than 100


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- HDL: above 60 less than 40 is at risk for heart disease


- triglycerides: less than 150 mg/dL


How is hyperlipidemia treated? - Answer✔✔-- life style changes


- drugs for reducing triglycerides and cholesterol


- angioplasty


- CABG


stroke volume (SV) - Answer✔✔-volume of blood leaving the heart w each contraction


peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) - Answer✔✔-resistance to ejection radius of arteries affect

it


What is cardiac output and what is normal? - Answer✔✔-heart rate: 60-100 bpm


CO= SV x HR


What is the formula for BP? - Answer✔✔-BP = CO x PVR


MAP (mean arterial pressure) - Answer✔✔-SBP + 2(DBP)/3 Normal is 70-110


Arterial control - Answer✔✔-increases cardiac output (CO)


Renin angiotensin aldosterone system RAAS - Answer✔✔-- made by kidneys


- secrete renin when BP is decreased


- results in increase in BP


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, EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024


antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Answer✔✔-increases BP


fluid volume - Answer✔✔-- increases PVR to increase BP


- increases ECF to increase CO which then increases PVR which increases BP


What does systolic mean related to BP? - Answer✔✔-top number and the contraction of the

heart


What does diastolic mean related to BP? - Answer✔✔-bottom number and the relaxation of the

heart


Causes of orthostatic hypotension - Answer✔✔-▫Reduced blood volume


▫Vasovagal response


▫Drug induced


▫Aging


▫Prolonged bed rest


▫Autonomic nervous system disorders


S/S of orthostatic hypotension - Answer✔✔-- dizziness


- blurred vision


- fainting


- injury from falls



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