NU 545 Unit 1 Practice Questions and
Answers
What is metabolic absorption? - Answer-The uptake and use of nutrients and other
substances from the cells surrounds (pg. 3).
What uses oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms in an oxidative reaction? - Answer-
Peroxisomes contain enzymes to use o2 to remo...
mediators that are quickly absorbed, destroyed, or immobilized; (3) Autocrine signaling- cells
produce signals that they, themselves, respond to (cancer cells); (4) Hormonal signaling involves
specialized endocrine cells that secrete chemicals called hormones (TSH). Hormones are
released by one set of cells and travel through the tissue and through the bloodstream to
produce a response in other sets of cells; (5) Neurohormonal signaling- hormones are released
into the blood by neurosecretory neurons. (p.19)
How is glucose transported from the blood to the cell? - Answer✔✔-Pancreatic cells secrete and
release insulin to signal muscle cells to absorb sugar from the blood for energy. (p.3)
Understand the transportation of potassium and sodium across plasma membranes -
Answer✔✔-The Na+ -K+ antiport system (Na+ moving out of the cell and K+ moving into the
cell) uses the direct energy of ATP to move these cations. The transporter protein is the enzyme
adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Approximately 60% to 70% of the ATP synthesized by cells is
used to maintain the Na+-K+ transport system. 1, three Na+ ions bind to sodium- binding sites
on the carrier's interface. 2, at the same time, an energy- containing adenosine triphosphate
molecule produced by the cell's mitochondria bind to the carrier. The ATP disassociates,
transferring its stored energy to the carrier. 3 and 4, the carrier then changes shape, releases
the three Na+ ions to the outside of the cell, and attracts two potassium ions to its potassium-
binding site. 5, the carrier then returns to its original shape, releasing the two K+ ions and the
remnant of the ATP molecule to the inside of the cell. The carrier is now ready for another
pumping cycle (p.31)
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