EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024
NU 608 3 study guide with complete
solutions
Glomerular filtration rate normal: - Answer✔✔-120-130
GFR definition: - Answer✔✔-rate at which fluid filters from the blood into the Bowman's
capsule
GFR is dependent on: - Answer✔✔-Renal blood flow, cardiac output, microvascular resistance
GFR is affected by: - Answer✔✔-Cardiac output
Best measurement of GFR: - Answer✔✔-Creatinine
Acute glomerulonephritis- what causes it and what is it? - Answer✔✔-Intrinsic renal failure.
Injury of the glomerulus. Caused by streptococcus, syphilis, virus, hep B, mono,
mumps/measles.
Glomerulonephritis: what & S+S - Answer✔✔-Inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney. Most
commonly streptococcus infection causes it. Hematuria, edema, htn, renal insufficiency.
Antigen-antibody complexes and complement are depostied into the glomerulus, which triggers
inflammation and glomerular injury.
Acute renal failure: categories, GFR/BUN/Cr, and what? - Answer✔✔-Loss of water and
electrolyte hemostasis
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, EMILLECT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR ©2024 EMILLECT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER, 2024
-decrease in GFR
-decreased urine output
-increase in BUN & Cr.
Pre-renal, intrinsic, post-renal.
Pre-renal: what? from? - Answer✔✔-decreased blood flow to kidney, hypoperfusion of a normal
kidney. Kidneys unable to filter waste.
-Na+ and water is retained
from- hypovolemia, hypotension, and hypoxemia due to dehydration, GI losses, bleeding, shock,
heart failure.
Correction of hypoperfusion leads to resolution.
Intrinsic: what? from? - Answer✔✔-Damage to kidney structure, Tubule epithelial cells separate
from the basement membrane and slough into the lumen. ATN!!! ischemia, toxic insult,
obstruction, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, cystic dysplasia.
Post-reanl: what? from? - Answer✔✔-Impaired elimination of urine from the kidney. From an
obstruction at the level of the ureter, bladder, or urethra. Urine is being produced but there is
an issue with elimination. From- renal stones, BPH, strictures, spasms, neurogenic bladder,
horseshoe kidney.
Renal carcinoma: two types, tx, risk factors, S+S - Answer✔✔-Two types- clear cell and wilms
tumor (kids). Risk factors- smoking, obesity, exposure to petroleum products, heavy metals,
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