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samenvatting biologische psychologie

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Deze cursus is onderdeel van de bachelor psychologie te Tilburg University. Het is onderdeel van het tweede leerjaar van de cursus. In deze samenvatting zijn de hoorcolleges samengevat met toevoegingen uit het boek Psychobiologie van Chris Chandler. De volgorde van de hoofstukken wijken enigszins...

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  • October 16, 2024
  • 67
  • 2024/2025
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BIOLOGISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE

PSY JAAR 2, PERIODE 1




Dyde Vermeer

, INLEIDING
Deze cursus is onderdeel van de bachelor psychologie te Tilburg
University. Het is onderdeel van het tweede leerjaar van de cursus. In deze
samenvatting zijn de hoorcolleges samengevat met toevoegingen uit het
boek Psychobiologie van Chris Chandler.
De volgorde van de hoofstukken wijken enigszins af van d oorspronkelijke
structuur van de cursus. Het is overigens gebaseerd op de cursus van het
jaar 2024-2025, wat betekend dat er mogelijk de huidige cursus mogelijk
kan afwijken van deze samenvatting.




Dyde Vermeer

, INHOUD


INLEIDING...................................................................................................... 2

INHOUD......................................................................................................... 3

COLLEGE 1..................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Evolutie..................................................................................................................... 6
1.1.1 Menselijke genetische variatie...........................................................................6
1.1.2 Natuurlijke selectie............................................................................................. 6
1.2 Genen....................................................................................................................... 8
1.2.1 Menselijk Karyotype........................................................................................... 8
1.2.2 Genotype En Fenotype.......................................................................................8
1.3 Wat Is DNA?.............................................................................................................. 9
1.3.1 Transcriptie......................................................................................................... 9
1.3.2 Splicing............................................................................................................... 9
1.3.3 Translatie............................................................................................................ 9
1.3.4 Post Transnationale Verwerking........................................................................10
1.4 Proteïne, Enzymen En Mogelijke Problemen...........................................................10
1.4.1 Mutatie............................................................................................................. 10

COLLEGE 2................................................................................................... 11
2.1 De Dierlijke Cel....................................................................................................... 11
2.1.2 Onderdelen Van De Dierlijke Cel.......................................................................11
2.2 Transport Van Eiwitten............................................................................................11
2.2.1 Cytoskelet........................................................................................................ 11
2.3 Verbinding Tussen Cellen........................................................................................12
2.3.1 Communicatie D.M.V. Neuronen.......................................................................12
2.3.2 Communicatie D.M.V. Synapsen.......................................................................15
2.4 Endocriene Systeem............................................................................................... 16
2.4.1 Endocriene Klieren........................................................................................... 16
2.5 Chemische Groepen: Hormonen.............................................................................17
2.5.1 Monoaminen..................................................................................................... 17
2.5.2 Proteïne............................................................................................................ 18
2.5.3 Peptiden........................................................................................................... 18
2.5.4 Steroïden.......................................................................................................... 18
2.6 Paracriene Signalering............................................................................................18
2.7 Endocriene Stoornissen.......................................................................................... 19

COLLEGE 3................................................................................................... 20
3.1 Vroege Ontwikkeling............................................................................................... 20
3.1.1 Prenatale Ontwikkeling.....................................................................................20
3.1.2 Neurale ontwikkeling........................................................................................21
3.2 Negatieve Effecten Op Ontwikkeling.......................................................................23
3.2.1 Teratogenen..................................................................................................... 23

COLLEGE 4................................................................................................... 26

Dyde Vermeer

, 4.1 Basistaak Immuunsysteem.....................................................................................26
4.1.1 Aangeboren En Niet-Aangeboren Systeem.......................................................26
4.1.2 Aangeboren Immuunsysteem...........................................................................27
4.1.3 Adaptieve Immuunsysteem..............................................................................28
4.1.4 Het Lymfestelsel............................................................................................... 30
4.1.5 Defecten In Het Immuunsysteem.....................................................................30

COLLEGE 5................................................................................................... 31
5.1 Homeostase............................................................................................................ 31
5.1.1 Vertering.......................................................................................................... 31
5.1.2 Wat we eten..................................................................................................... 31
5.1.3 Cellulair niveau................................................................................................. 33
5.1.4 Problemen Met Voeding....................................................................................34
5.1.5 Metabolisme..................................................................................................... 34
5.1.6 Dorst................................................................................................................ 35

COLLEGE 6................................................................................................... 36
6.1 Psychofarmacologie................................................................................................36
6.1.1 Belangrijke Termen........................................................................................... 36
6.1.2 Klassen Van Geneesmiddelen...........................................................................36
6.1.3 Psychiatrische Medicijnen.................................................................................39

COLLEGE 7................................................................................................... 40
7.1 Emotie.................................................................................................................... 40
7.1.1 Aangeboren Functies........................................................................................40
7.1.2 Affectieve Fenomenen......................................................................................41
7.1.3 Kenmerken Van Emoties...................................................................................41
7.1.4 Theoretische Verklaringen En Bedenkingen.....................................................41
7.2 Emotie En De Hersenen..........................................................................................43
7.2.1 Emotie Routes.................................................................................................. 43
7.2.2 Amygdala......................................................................................................... 43
7.3 Recente Benaderingen............................................................................................ 44
7.4 Rol Van Emotie En Psychopathologie......................................................................44

COLLEGE 8................................................................................................... 45
8.1 Voortplanting.......................................................................................................... 45
8.1.1 Aseksueel En Seksueel.....................................................................................45
8.2 Geslachtsorganen................................................................................................... 45
8.2.1 Vrouwelijke Geslachtsorganen..........................................................................45
8.2.2 Mannelijke Geslachtsorganen...........................................................................46
8.3 Sekshormonen........................................................................................................ 46
8.3.1 Drie Soorten Sekshormonen.............................................................................46
8.3.2 Eiwitten............................................................................................................ 46
8.4 Menstruatie Cyclus En Ovulatie..............................................................................47
8.4.1 Menstruele Fases.............................................................................................. 47
8.4.2 Menstruele Aandoeningen................................................................................47
8.5 Seksuele Ontwikkeling............................................................................................ 47
8.5.1 Fysiologische Verandering Tijdens De Pubertijd................................................48
8.5.2 Menarche......................................................................................................... 48
8.5.3 Culturele Diversiteit.......................................................................................... 48
8.6 Genotype En Fenotype............................................................................................49
8.6.1 Chromosomale Combinaties En Gevolgen........................................................49
8.7 Seksuele Opwinding................................................................................................50

Dyde Vermeer

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