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The Art Of Public Speaking: Stephen E. Lucas
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The Art Of Public Speaking: Stephen E.Lucas
Message - ANS Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else
Channel - ANS the means by which a message is communicated
Listener - ANS the person who receives the speaker's message
Frame of reference - ANS the sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No
two people can have exactly the same frame of reference.
Feedback - ANS The message, usually nonverbal, sent from listener to a speaker.
Interference - ANS anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be
external or internal to listeners
Situation - ANS the time and place in which speech communication occurs.
Ethnocentrism - ANS the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or
cultures
Ethics - ANS - the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.
Ethical decisions - ANS sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a
set of ethical standards or guidelines.
Name- calling - ANS the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups.
,Bill of Rights - ANS the first 10 amendments to the united states constitution
Plagiarism - ANS Presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own
Global Plagiarism - ANS Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own
Patchwork plagiarism - ANS stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off
as one's own.
Incremental plagiarism - ANS failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed
from other people
Paraphrase - ANS To restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words
Hearing - ANS the vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses
in the brain
Listening - ANS paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear.
Appreciative listening - ANS listening for pleasure or enjoyment.
Empathic listening - ANS listening to provide emotional support for a speaker
Comprehensive listening - ANS listening to understanding the message of the speaker
Critical listening - ANS listening to evaluate a message for purpose of accepting or rejecting it.
, Spare "brain time" - ANS the difference between the rate at which most people talk (120 to 150 words a
minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language
Active listening - ANS giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the
speaker's point of view
Key- word outline - ANS an outline that briefly notes a speaker's main points and supporting evidence in
rough outline form
Topic - ANS the subject of a speech
Brainstorming - ANS a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and
ideas.
General purpose - ANS the broad goal of a speech
Specific purpose - ANS a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to
accomplish in his or her speech
Central idea - ANS a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech
Residual message - ANS what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten
everything else in a speech
Audience-centeredness - ANS Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech
preparation and presentation
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