Exam (elaborations)
CLP 4144 -EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
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CLP 4144 -EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE...
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WHAT IS A SCIENTIST?Someone who collects and analyses evidence systematically to gain a better
understanding of the natural world.
Types of Experiments:
Laboratory (conducted in controlled circumstances), field (in the real world),
natural (observing naturally occurring variables without manipulation), quasi
(no random assignment of individuals to conditions)
Variables and Bias
The independent variable is the manipulated variable, whereas the dependent
variable is the measured output. Biases include systematic errors such as
conformation errors and selection bias due to non-random sampling.
CORRELATION indicates the relationship between two variables (positive,
negative, or none). It doesn't indicate causation.
Factors contributing to abnormal behaviour include deviance, dysfunction,
distress, and danger (known as the four Ds).
- Dependent variable: measured outcome.
- Bias: Systematic errors
HIPPOCRATES' VIEW:
He believed that mental illness was caused by imbalances in bodily humours
(blood, phlegm, yellow, and black bile).
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
sympathetic: prepares the body for "fight or flight" (a stress ANSWER ).
parasympathetic: stimulates "rest and digest" activities.
, Examples of Nervous System Diseases.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) damages myelin sheaths, while Parkinson's disease
causes degeneration of dopamine-producing neurones.
WHAT IS CULTURE?
Culture is a group's shared values, beliefs, practices, and behaviours.
Situational Abnormal Behaviour
Some behaviours are only regarded abnormal in specific settings (for example,
excessive grieving following a loss is not always pathological).
4 Ds
Deviance: departing from societal norms.
Distress causes personal anguish.
Dysfunction: impediment of daily functioning.
Danger: danger to oneself or others.
CULTURAL FACTORS AND ABNORMALITY
Examples include college binge drinking and eating problems, when behaviours
normalised in specific societies may continue to be harmful.
Mental illness therapy in the Middle Ages was based on superstition and
differed from now.
- Today, focus on evidence-based therapy.
- issues: lack of access to care; many patients end up homeless or in prison.
Moral Treatment Philosophy
Respect for the person and a notion that those suffering from mental illness
would gain the most from regular daily routines and the ability to contribute
usefully to their own treatment and the welfare of society through employment.
It declined owing of congestion and a lack of finance.
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