Summary
Summary BSC 2086 Exam 1 Study guide
- Course
- BSC 2086C
- Institution
- Florida State College At Jacksonville
This is a comprehensive and detailed study guide on Exam 1 for BSC 2086. *Essential Study Material!!
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Study Guide: Test 1Chapter 1:
Define Anatomy and know examples
Define Physiology and know examples
List the levels of organization in order from simplest to most complex:
Know what is included in each level
Define homeostasis:
- An automatic response in a cell to a change in the environment is Autoregulation or intrinsic
regulation
- When the response to a change is controlled by an external source, it is External regulation
Feedback mechanisms utilize a Receptor, Control Center, and Effector… Define each of these components
Define and know examples of Negative Feedback and Positive Feedback
Know the anatomical position and define supine and prone
Know the organs that are in the pleural and pericardial cavities. Know the membranes that line the body
cavities including the visceral and parietal layers
Chapter 2:
Define Atom, Element, and Isotope (what is different in different isotopes of an element)
Describe the subatomic particles (Proton, Neutron, and Electron) including charge, mass, and location
If given the atomic number and mass of an element, be able to tell me the number of protons, neutrons,
and electrons.
Electrons in the valence shell (outermost shell) determine the reactivity of an atom (if it forms bond,
who it bonds with, what type of bonds)… Atoms want a full valence shell (2 electrons in 1 st shell, 8 in 2nd,
and 3rd)
Define molecule and compound and give examples of each
Describe:
- Ionic Bond (know definition of cation and anion)
- Covalent bond: Sharing of pairs of electrons (single = one pair, double= 2 pairs, triple=3pairs)
o Non-polar covalent bond: equal sharing of electrons and produces non-polar molecules,
o Polar covalent bond : polar Unequal sharing of electrons and produces polar molecules
(like water, H2O)
- Hydrogen bond:
Define metabolism:
, Define catabolism
- Know that in a decomposition reaction chemical bonds are broken
- Hydrolysis is an example (water is used to break bonds)
Define anabolism
- Know that in a synthesis reaction bonds are formed
- Dehydration synthesis is an example (bond is formed and a water molecule is removed)
Enzymes are protein catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy
- The substance the enzyme works on is the substrate
- Enzymes exhibit specificity
- pH, temp and salts can denature an enzyme
Concentration tells us the amount of solute in a volume of solvent
Know that ionic compounds like NaCl or CaCl undergo ionization or disassociation in water (this means
the ions separate and go into solution in water)
Water keeps ions and polar molecules in solution by forming ____________ ______________ around
them.
Define hydrophilic: (know that polar molecules like glucose as well as ions are hydrophilic)
Define hydrophobic: (know that non-polar molecules, lipids, fats, steroids, are hydrophobic)
pH tells us the concentration of H+ ions in a solution. The pH scale goes from ____ to _____. A neutral
pH is _________ (water is neutral)
The more H+ ions, the ____________ the pH, the more ____________ the solution.
The fewer the H+ ions, the _________ the pH, the more __________ the solution.
Acidosis:
Alkalosis:
Buffers stabilize pH in the body. Sodium bicarbonate is an important buffer.
Inorganic compounds do not have both C and H
Organic compounds do include both C and H… If I give you a compound, be able to tell me if it is organic
or inorganic.
Carbohydrates:
- Use as an energy source
- Monosaccharides: _______ simple sugar (glucose is an example)
- Disaccharides: _________ simple sugars
- Polysaccharides: ________ simple sugars (glycogen, which is how we store glucose, is an
example)
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