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CWS EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CWS EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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CWS EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSName the five types of Cell Adhesion Molecules? Which type enables cells to detect
and interact with components of the extracellular matrix? - Answers-1. Cadherins
2. Immunoglobulin Superfamily (IGSF)
3. Selectins
4. Integrins
5. Mucins
Integrins allow cells to interact with the surrounding environment or components of the
ECM.
What are the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to most deep? - Answers-
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale (germinativa)
What are the layers of the dermis from most superficial to most deep? - Answers-
Papillary dermis
Reticular dermis
What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the stratum spinosum? - Answers-Langerhan's
cells
What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the stratum basale? - Answers-Keratinocytes,
Melanocytes, Merkel cells
What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the stratum granulosum? - Answers-Corneocytes
(terminally differentiated keratinocytes)
What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the stratum corneum? - Answers-Dead
keratinocytes
What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the dermis? - Answers-Fibroblasts, Mast cells,
Macrophages, Lymphocytes
Tissue loss includes only the epidermis. - Answers-Superficial
Tissue loss includes the epidermis and part of the dermis. - Answers-Partial thickness
Tissue loss includes the epidermis and all of the dermis. - Answers-Full thickness
Tissue loss includes subcutaneous tissues. - Answers-Subdermal
,What are the key cells of proliferation? - Answers-Fibroblasts, Epithelial cells,
Endothelial cells, Macrophages
What are the key cells of remodeling? - Answers-Fibroblasts
What produces PDGF? - Answers-Platelets and macrophages
What stimulates fibroblasts? - Answers-Platelet Derived Growth Factor
What is an integrin? - Answers-A cell surface receptor that enables cells to interact with
components of the ECM
What secretes MMPs and TIMPs? - Answers-Keratinocytes and fibroblasts
What regulates the activity of MMPs? - Answers-TIMPs
Fibroblasts play a key role in the extracellular matrix deposition of which types of
proteins? - Answers-Collagen
Elastin
Reticulin
Proteoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans
Myofibroblasts secrete which type of collagen? - Answers-Type I
Which type of collagen is primarily found in uninjured tissue? - Answers-Type I
Which type of collagen is primarily found in wounds in the proliferative phase of wound
healing? - Answers-Type III
What is the transitional marker between the inflammatory and proliferative phases of
healing? - Answers-Macrophage migration into the wound site
Which cells are the last to arrive during the proliferative phase? - Answers-T
lymphocytes
When does hemostasis or coagulation occur during the stages of healing? - Answers-
Immediately after tissue injury
When does inflammation occur during the stages of healing? - Answers-0-4 days
When does proliferation occur during the stages of healing? - Answers-4-21 days
How long can remodeling last? - Answers-Up to 2 years
,What are the key cells of hemostasis? - Answers-Platelets
What are the key cells of inflammation? - Answers-Neutrophils, Macrophages
What are the three types of T lymphocytes and what are their functions? - Answers-1.
Cytotoxic T cells = directly target and kill any antigen-bearing cells
2. Helper T cells = activate macrophages and B lymphocytes
3. Suppressor T cells = down regulate inflammation and proliferation as the wound
reaches maturity
What is considered the "first line of defense" in wound healing? - Answers-Neutrophils
(PMN leukocytes)
Mast cells are characterized by extensive cytoplasm with large granules which contain: -
Answers-1. Histamine
2. Heparin
3. Eicosanoids
4. Serotonin
5. Chondroitin sulfate
6. Vasoactive proteins
What type of collagen is primarily found in skin, tendon, vascular ligature, organs and
bone (most common in wounds)? - Answers-Type I
What type of collagen is primarily found in cartilage? - Answers-Type II
What type of collagen is primarily found in reticulate (reticular fibers)? - Answers-Type III
What type of collagen is primarily found in basal lamina? - Answers-Type IV
What type of collagen is primarily found in cell surfaces, hair and placenta? - Answers-
Type V
Which enzyme stimulates fibrinolysis? - Answers-Plasmin
Which type of sweat gland serves as the body cooling system? - Answers-Eccrine
sweat glands
Which type of sweat gland is responsible for body odor? Where are these type of glands
located? - Answers-Apocrine sweat glands
Axilla, eyelids, genitals, pubic area
Hair follicles are composed of what type of protein? - Answers-Keratin
__________ hair follicles are light and fine. - Answers-Vellus
, __________ hair follicles are dark and thick. - Answers-Terminal
What is the normal pH of skin? - Answers-4-6.5
What type of fibers transmit superficial or acute pain? - Answers-A-delta fibers (rapid)
What type of fibers transmit deep or chronic pain? - Answers-C-fibers (slow)
What vitamin is produced by the skin? - Answers-Vitamin D
There is approximately a _____% reduction in dermal thickness with aging. - Answers-
20
What is the principal collagenase in humans? - Answers-Matrix Metalloprotease 1
(MMP-1)
During what phase of healing does neorevascularization occur? - Answers-Proliferative
Phase
What is the hallmark observation of the proliferative phase? - Answers-The appearance
of granulation tissue
What composes granulation tissue? - Answers--Macrophages
-Fibroblasts
-Immature collagen
-Newly formed ECM
-Developing blood vessels
What is the three stage process associated with leukocyte extravasation? - Answers-1.
Tethering/Rolling
2. Margination
3. Diapedesis
What attracts fibroblasts to the wound environment? - Answers-PDGF
What cells secrete type I collagen? - Answers-Myofibroblasts
What is the most significant variable for prediction of hypertrophic scarring? - Answers-
Time from injury to complete closure
What is the term for scarring that occurs beyond the lateral margins of the wound? -
Answers-Keloid scarring
TcPO2 below _____ mmHg typically associated with poor healing. - Answers-35
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