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OTD 333 Exam 2 Questions and Answers
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types of PNI - Answer--entrapment or compression neuropathies -traumatic Phase I. Wallerian Degeneration - Answer-occurs distal to nerve injury. Everything shrinks and degenerates, shaun sheets, or endoneurial tubes, etc. Phase II. Neuronal Regeneration - Answer--Cell body and proximal axon...

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  • October 17, 2024
  • 7
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • otd 333 exam 2 questions and answers
  • types of pni answer entrapment or compression n

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OTD 333 Exam 2 Questions and Answers
types of PNI - Answer--entrapment or compression neuropathies
-traumatic

Phase I. Wallerian Degeneration - Answer-occurs distal to nerve injury. Everything
shrinks and degenerates, shaun sheets, or endoneurial tubes, etc.

Phase II. Neuronal Regeneration - Answer--Cell body and proximal
axon stump enlarge
-Axon bud migrates
along Schwann cell column to endoneural tube.

Neurapraxia - Answer-1st level of nerve injury
The nerve is intact but the conduction is impaired.

within 3 months - Answer-neurapraxia results in spontaneous recovery within

neurapraxia occurs with - Answer-with compression type PNI (e.g. crush injuries)

Axonotmesis - Answer-Moderate interruption of the axon and myelin sheath.
Rupture of the axon while the sheath
results in spontaneous recovery after several months

neurotemesis - Answer-Involves partial or complete division of both axons and the
sheaths.

neurotemesis recovery - Answer-after surgical repair

neurotemesis presentation - Answer-After a complete nerve injury there will be
immediate loss of function of mm innervated by the nerve but atrophy will occur several
weeks later" hand will look fine but immediate loss of function

first degree sunderland - Answer-neuropraxia

second degree sunderland - Answer-axonotmesis

third degree sunderland - Answer-More severe with Wallarian and proximal axonal
degeneration with endoneurial tubes not intact. Mismatched axonal regeneration

4th degree sunderland - Answer-Neuroma -Proximal Tinel's sign but not advanced
beyond neuroma. Requires surgical intervention to excise neuroma. Similar to level III.
Painful group of nerve fibers

5th degree sunderland - Answer-neurotemesis

, Type 1: Compression Neuropathies - Answer-Usually, chronic
Result from prolonged compression
Can occur at many points in the body
Can be compressed at more than one site (double crush, multiple crush

compression neuropathies causes - Answer-environmental/body causes (e.g. repetition)
endocrine disorders (diabetes, hypothyroidism)
hormonal (pregnancy, menopause)
disease: (rheumatoid arthritis)

Tendinosis - Answer-Chronic tendinitis, chronic tendinopathy or chronic tendon injury
with changes at the cellular level

Tenosynovitis - Answer-inflammation of tendon and sheath

Tendinitis - Answer-Inflammation of the tendon

Tendinopathy - Answer-Deterioration of the tendon along with micro tears surrounding
the tendon

type 2 traumatic PNI - Answer-Traumatic Cause (knife laceration, gun shot, crush,)
Involves Surgery with precautions afterwards
Most accompanied by other injuries (tendon, fracture) so complicated

more proximal - Answer-the nerve injury, less positive prognosis. Bc more nerve fibers
harder to repair

complication traumatic PNG - Answer-Shrinkage of the endoneurial tubes
Scarring at the injury site
Mismatching of fibers
Degeneration of motor and or sensory end receptors.

Rate of regeneration - Answer-1 to 2 mm per day (1 inch/month) after an initial latency
or shock period of 3 to 4 weeks

reaction to nerve injury - Answer-Skin changes: "Trophic" dry, shiny, scaly
Muscle: Imbalance possible deformity and joint contracture
Blood Vessels: decreased blood flow

repaired nerve sheath - Answer-takes 3-4 weeks to gain sufficient tensile strength to
withstand stress

For volar nerve repair (ulnar, median): - Answer-Orthosis is in some degree of flexion

For dorsal nerve repair - Answer-Orthosis is in some degree of extension

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