Bio182 NAU Exam 1
How have humans influenced the water cycle? - ✔️✔️Hydroelectric dams, tapping
aquifers, deforestation
Estuaries, losing evapotranspiration
What are the 4 main human caused factors to the loss of biodiversity? - ✔️✔️Habitat
Destruction, Invasive Species, Pollution, Overexploitation
What is Biomagnification? - ✔️✔️Tendency of certain chemicals to accumulate or build
up within food chains
What is the other name for the global water cycle? - ✔️✔️Hydrological cycle
Where does most of the water that reaches the atmosphere come from? -
✔️✔️Evaporation and transpiration
What are the 3 main biogeochemical cycles we discussed? - ✔️✔️Carbon,
Phosphorus, and Nitrogen
What is the definition of a community? - ✔️✔️Assemblage of many populations that live
in the same place at the same time
What is Species richness? - ✔️✔️Number of different species in each community
What is Species Diversity? - ✔️✔️The variety of species that make up the community
What is the difference between Species Diversity and Richness? - ✔️✔️Species
diversity has more abundance/evenness
What is TFR and how does it influence the predictions on future human population? -
✔️✔️Total Fertility Rate:
Average number of live births a woman has during her lifetime
Shows population growth
What is the role of metagenomics in helping estimates species diversity? What types of
organisms does it really help this task for? - ✔️✔️Finding diversity of microorganisms
Collecting microbial genomes
Using cultures
, Explain the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis - ✔️✔️Highest number of species are
maintained in communities with intermediate levels of disturbance
What are disturbances? Be able to give some examples - ✔️✔️Droughts, fires,
hurricanes
Species interactions such as herbivory, predation, or parasitism
What is the name of the process that occurs after disturbances that is the system trying
to reset itself? - ✔️✔️Ecological Succesion (Primary and Secondary)
Facilitation successional model - ✔️✔️Species replacement facilitated by previous
colonists
Inhibition successional model - ✔️✔️Species replacement is inhibited by previous
colonists
Early colonists may exclude subsequent colonists
Intertidal zone
Tolerance successional model - ✔️✔️Species replacement is unaffected by previous
colonists
Any specie can start the succession, but eventual climax community is reached in a
somewhat orderly fashion
What is the definition of an ecosystem? How does it differ from a community? -
✔️✔️Community of specie in a given area
Includes all abiotic factors:
Energy, soil characteristics, water
Energy and chemical flow? - ✔️✔️Energy flows through a system, while chemicals are
recycled within/between it.
What percentage of the total amount of solar radiation that hits the earth each day is
actually converted to chemical energy by plants via photosynthesis? - ✔️✔️About 1%
What is primary production? - ✔️✔️The rate at which an ecosystems producers convert
solar energy to chemical energy stored in biomass
Which biomes are most productive? - ✔️✔️Terrestrial
Tropical Rain forest
Temperate Broadleaf
How have humans influenced the water cycle? - ✔️✔️Hydroelectric dams, tapping
aquifers, deforestation
Estuaries, losing evapotranspiration
What are the 4 main human caused factors to the loss of biodiversity? - ✔️✔️Habitat
Destruction, Invasive Species, Pollution, Overexploitation
What is Biomagnification? - ✔️✔️Tendency of certain chemicals to accumulate or build
up within food chains
What is the other name for the global water cycle? - ✔️✔️Hydrological cycle
Where does most of the water that reaches the atmosphere come from? -
✔️✔️Evaporation and transpiration
What are the 3 main biogeochemical cycles we discussed? - ✔️✔️Carbon,
Phosphorus, and Nitrogen
What is the definition of a community? - ✔️✔️Assemblage of many populations that live
in the same place at the same time
What is Species richness? - ✔️✔️Number of different species in each community
What is Species Diversity? - ✔️✔️The variety of species that make up the community
What is the difference between Species Diversity and Richness? - ✔️✔️Species
diversity has more abundance/evenness
What is TFR and how does it influence the predictions on future human population? -
✔️✔️Total Fertility Rate:
Average number of live births a woman has during her lifetime
Shows population growth
What is the role of metagenomics in helping estimates species diversity? What types of
organisms does it really help this task for? - ✔️✔️Finding diversity of microorganisms
Collecting microbial genomes
Using cultures
, Explain the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis - ✔️✔️Highest number of species are
maintained in communities with intermediate levels of disturbance
What are disturbances? Be able to give some examples - ✔️✔️Droughts, fires,
hurricanes
Species interactions such as herbivory, predation, or parasitism
What is the name of the process that occurs after disturbances that is the system trying
to reset itself? - ✔️✔️Ecological Succesion (Primary and Secondary)
Facilitation successional model - ✔️✔️Species replacement facilitated by previous
colonists
Inhibition successional model - ✔️✔️Species replacement is inhibited by previous
colonists
Early colonists may exclude subsequent colonists
Intertidal zone
Tolerance successional model - ✔️✔️Species replacement is unaffected by previous
colonists
Any specie can start the succession, but eventual climax community is reached in a
somewhat orderly fashion
What is the definition of an ecosystem? How does it differ from a community? -
✔️✔️Community of specie in a given area
Includes all abiotic factors:
Energy, soil characteristics, water
Energy and chemical flow? - ✔️✔️Energy flows through a system, while chemicals are
recycled within/between it.
What percentage of the total amount of solar radiation that hits the earth each day is
actually converted to chemical energy by plants via photosynthesis? - ✔️✔️About 1%
What is primary production? - ✔️✔️The rate at which an ecosystems producers convert
solar energy to chemical energy stored in biomass
Which biomes are most productive? - ✔️✔️Terrestrial
Tropical Rain forest
Temperate Broadleaf
