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  • October 17, 2024
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TEST BANK
Pilbeam's Mechanical Ventilation:
Physiological and Clinical Applications
8th Edition by James M. Cairo

,Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts Of Mechanical Ventilation

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The Body’s Mechanism for Conducting Air In And Out Of the
Lungs Is Known as Which of the Following?
A. External Respiration
B. Internal Respiration
C. Spontaneous Ventilation
D. Mechanical Ventilation


ANSWER: C
The Conduction Of Air In And Out Of The Body Is Known As
Ventilation. Since The Question Asks For The Body’s Mechanism,
This Would Be Spontaneous Ventilation. External Respiration
Involves The Exchange Of Oxygen (O 2) And Carbon Dioxide (CO 2)
Between The Alveoli And The Pulmonary Capillaries. Internal
Respiration Occurs At The Cellular Level And Involves Movement
Of Oxygen From The Systemic Blood Into The Cells.

DIF: 1 REF: Pg. 3

2. Which Of The Following Are Involved In External Respiration?
A. Red Blood Cells And Body Cells
B. Scalenes And Trapezius
Muscles
C. Alveoli And Pulmonary
Capillaries
D. External Oblique And
Transverse Abdominal Muscles


ANSWER: C
External Respiration Involves The Exchange Of Oxygen And
Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Between The Alveoli And The Pulmonary
Capillaries. Internal Respiration Occurs At The Cellular Level And
Involves Movement Of Oxygen From The Systemic Blood Into The
Cells.
Scalene And Trapezius Muscles Are Accessory Muscles Of
Inspiration. External Oblique And Transverse Abdominal Muscles
Are Accessory Muscles Of Expiration.

, DIF: 1 REF: Pg. 3

3. The Graph That Shows Intrapleural Pressure Changes During
Normal Spontaneous Breathing Is Depicted By Which Of The
Following?

A




B




C




D




ANSWER: B
During Spontaneous Breathing The Intrapleural Pressure Drops
From About -5 Cm H2O At End-Expiration To About -10 Cm H2O
At End-Inspiration. The Graph Depicted For Answer B Shows
That Change From -5 Cm H2O To -10 Cm H2O.

DIF: 1 REF: Pg. 4

4. During Spontaneous Inspiration Alveolar Pressure (PA) Is About:
.
A. - 1 Cm H2O
B. + 1 Cm H2O
C. 0 Cm H2O
D. 5 Cm H2O

, ANSWER: A
-1 Cm H2O Is The Lowest Alveolar Pressure Will Become During
Normal Spontaneous Ventilation. During The Exhalation Of A
Normal Spontaneous Breath The Alveolar Pressure Will Become +1
Cm H2O.

DIF: 1 REF: Pg. 3

5. The Pressure Required To Maintain Alveolar Inflation Is Known
As Which Of The Following?
A. Transairway Pressure (PTA )
B. Transthoracic Pressure (PTT)
C. Transrespiratory Pressure (PTR)
D. Transpulmonary Pressure (PL)


ANSWER: D
The Definition Of Transpulmonary Pressure (P L) Is The Pressure
Required To Maintain Alveolar Inflation. Transairway Pressure (PTA
) Is The Pressure Gradient Required To Produce Airflow In The
Conducting Tubes. Transrespiratory Pressure (P TR) Is The Pressure
To Inflate The Lungs And Airways During Positive Pressure
Ventilation. Transthoracic Pressure (P TT) Represents The Pressure
Required To Expand Or Contract The Lungs And The Chest Wall At
The Same Time.

DIF: 1 REF: Pg. 3

6. Calculate The Pressure Needed To Overcome Airway Resistance
During Positive Pressure Ventilation When The Proximal Airway
Pressure (Paw) Is 35 Cm H2O And The Alveolar Pressure (P A) Is 5 Cm
H2O.
A. 7 Cm H2O
B. 30 Cm H2O
C. 40 Cm H2O
D. 175 Cm H2O


ANSWER: B
The Transairway Pressure (P TA ) Is Used To Calculate The Pressure
Required To Overcome Airway Resistance During Mechanical
Ventilation. This Formula Is P TA = Paw - PA.

DIF: 2 REF: Pg. 3

7. The Term Used To Describe The Tendency Of A Structure To
Return To Its Original Form After Being Stretched Or Acted On By
An Outside Force Is Which Of The Following?
A. Elastance

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