100% tevredenheidsgarantie Direct beschikbaar na je betaling Lees online óf als PDF Geen vaste maandelijkse kosten
logo-home
BIO 311C Final Pro Test Questions With Guaranteed Pass Solutions. $10.09
In winkelwagen

Tentamen (uitwerkingen)

BIO 311C Final Pro Test Questions With Guaranteed Pass Solutions.

 0 keer verkocht
  • Vak
  • BIO 311C
  • Instelling
  • BIO 311C

What happens during G1? - Answer First growth phase; cell synthesizes proteins and produces cytoplasmic organelles What happens during the S phase? - Answer Synthesis; continues to grow as it copies chromosomes What happens during G2? - Answer Second growth phase; cell completes prep...

[Meer zien]

Voorbeeld 3 van de 19  pagina's

  • 17 oktober 2024
  • 19
  • 2024/2025
  • Tentamen (uitwerkingen)
  • Vragen en antwoorden
  • BIO 311C
  • BIO 311C
avatar-seller
COCOSOLUTIONS
BIO 311C Final Pro Test Questions With
Guaranteed Pass Solutions.
What happens during G1? - Answer First growth phase; cell synthesizes proteins and produces
cytoplasmic organelles



What happens during the S phase? - Answer Synthesis; continues to grow as it copies chromosomes



What happens during G2? - Answer Second growth phase; cell completes preparation needed to divide
and continues basic life of the cell



What happens during mitosis? - Answer Subdivided into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase; nuclear division



What happens during cytokinesis? - Answer Process of splitting the daughter cells apart; splitting of
cytoplasm and allocation of the organelles and cytoplasm into each new cell



How does the number of chromosomes compare between G1 and G2? - Answer Remains the same



How does the amount of DNA compare between G1 and G2? - Answer G2 has double the amount of
DNA (after S phase where chromosomes are duplicated)



What is the outcome of mitosis and why is this important? - Answer 2 diploid daughter cells; creates
more cells, regeneration, replenishes old cells when they die; essential for growth and repair in the body



What is the difference between a kinetochore microtubule and a non-kinetochore microtubule? -
Answer Kinetochore microtubules attach to the kinetochore of chromosomes whereas non-
kinetochore don't



What is the function of a kinetochore microtubule during mitosis? - Answer Where the spindle fibers
attach during division to pull chromosomes apart

,What is the function of a non-kinetochore microtubule during mitosis? - Answer Responsible for
elongation of cell during anaphase



Cytokinesis in animal cells - Answer Formation of a cleavage furrow which gradually "pinches" the cell
in half



Cytokinesis in plant cells - Answer Formation of cell plate that gradually divides the cell in half -
eventually thickens to form new cell wall



Why is cytokinesis different in plants and animals? - Answer Plant cells have cell walls which are
inflexible and cannot be "pinched in"



In an experiment, you fuse two cells, making 1 large cell with 2 nuclei. At the time of fusion, Cell 1 had
been in mitosis and Cell 2 had been in the G1 phase. Predict what will happen to each of the nuclei for
Cell 1 and for Cell 2 after they have fused. - Answer Cell 2 nucleus will immediately enter mitosis
because the cell cycle is driven by specific signaling molecules present in the cytoplasm and Cell 1 would
continue with mitosis



What is the link between cyclins and MPF? - Answer Cyclin is a regulatory protein that a kinase must be
attached to; MPF is made up of cyclin combined with a CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase)



On a molecular level, what does a MPF molecule do? - Answer "Maturating-promoting factor;" Triggers
the cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase (accumulation of cyclin proteins combined
with CDK to form MPF)



When during the cell cycle does production of cyclin really increase? - Answer Accumulated during G1
and S phase; increased during G2 prior to M phase (needs to make enough MPF to pass G2 checkpoint
and enter M phase)



What impact does a high concentration of MPF have on a cell? - Answer Triggers onset of mitosis;
reduced at end of mitosis because it depends on cyclin concentration

, Interphase - Answer Contains G1, S, and G2 phase; chromosomes are not visible (instead in form of
chromatin), make a copy of themselves



Prophase - Answer Copies of chromosomes fasten together; nuclear membrane disappears; chromatin
condenses into chromosomes; centrosomes are pushed apart to opposite ends of the cell nucleus by
action of molecular motors acting on microtubules



Metaphase - Answer Chromosomes line up along the center metaphase plate; microtubules have
found and attached to kinetochores; centromeres convene themselves on metaphase plate equidistant
from 2 centrosome poles



Anaphase - Answer Chromosomes split apart and are pulled to opposite ends of the cell; break at
centromeres and sister chromatids move to opposite ends



Telophase - Answer Chromosomes become hard to see (unwind into chromatin); cells splits and 2
nuclear membranes form (2 daughter cells); nuclei reappear



List 4 external requirements for a cell to get past the G1 checkpoint - Answer (1) appropriate size

(2) adequate energy reserves (enough nucleotides to duplicate DNA)

(3) no DNA damage

(4) favorable environment



What are some ways in which a cell could divide even in the absence of the normally required growth
factor? - Answer Cancer cells, for example, can have defective cell cycle control systems and proceed
past the checkpoints even in this absence; can divide indefinitely



Imagine a scenario in which a point mutation occurs in the gene for a cell cycle protein allowing the cell
to ignore the requirements to pass the G1 checkpoint. What would be a likely outcome for the cell and
surrounding tissue? - Answer Cancer cells (abnormal growth and division)



Difference between benign and malignant tumor - Answer Benign: abnormal cells may remain at
original site if they have too few genetic and cellular changes to survive at another site

Dit zijn jouw voordelen als je samenvattingen koopt bij Stuvia:

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Bewezen kwaliteit door reviews

Studenten hebben al meer dan 850.000 samenvattingen beoordeeld. Zo weet jij zeker dat je de beste keuze maakt!

In een paar klikken geregeld

In een paar klikken geregeld

Geen gedoe — betaal gewoon eenmalig met iDeal, Bancontact of creditcard en je bent klaar. Geen abonnement nodig.

Focus op de essentie

Focus op de essentie

Studenten maken samenvattingen voor studenten. Dat betekent: actuele inhoud waar jij écht wat aan hebt. Geen overbodige details!

Veelgestelde vragen

Wat krijg ik als ik dit document koop?

Je krijgt een PDF, die direct beschikbaar is na je aankoop. Het gekochte document is altijd, overal en oneindig toegankelijk via je profiel.

Tevredenheidsgarantie: hoe werkt dat?

Onze tevredenheidsgarantie zorgt ervoor dat je altijd een studiedocument vindt dat goed bij je past. Je vult een formulier in en onze klantenservice regelt de rest.

Van wie koop ik deze samenvatting?

Stuvia is een marktplaats, je koop dit document dus niet van ons, maar van verkoper COCOSOLUTIONS. Stuvia faciliteert de betaling aan de verkoper.

Zit ik meteen vast aan een abonnement?

Nee, je koopt alleen deze samenvatting voor $10.09. Je zit daarna nergens aan vast.

Is Stuvia te vertrouwen?

4,6 sterren op Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

Afgelopen 30 dagen zijn er 64302 samenvattingen verkocht

Opgericht in 2010, al 15 jaar dé plek om samenvattingen te kopen

Start met verkopen
$10.09
  • (0)
In winkelwagen
Toegevoegd