Understanding Pathophysiology Final Review Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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Course
MSN 570
Institution
MSN 570
When a nurse observes muscle stiffening occurring within 6-14 hours after death, the nurse should document this finding as the presence of
A. Necrosis
B. Ischemia
C. Rigor mortis
D. Gangrene - Answer-C. Rigor mortis
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes...
Understanding Pathophysiology Final
Review Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
When a nurse observes muscle stiffening occurring within 6-14 hours after death, the
nurse should document this finding as the presence of
A. Necrosis
B. Ischemia
C. Rigor mortis
D. Gangrene - Answer-C. Rigor mortis
A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing
him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The
nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be
expected?
A. Symptoms subside quickly
B. Intracellular dehydration
C. Massive dependent edema
D. No noticeable effect - Answer-B. Intracellular dehydration
The nurse is aware that hyperkalemia can be manifested in the following signs and
symptoms. (Select all that apply)
a. Bone pain, osteoporosis
b. Potassium level >5.5 mEq/L
c. Increased neuromuscular irritability
d. Normal EKG tracing (reading)
e. Muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone, and paralysis - Answer-Potassium level >5.5
mEq/L; Increased neuromuscular irritability; Muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone, and
paralysis
The primary provider told your patient to increase dietary potassium. The nurse would
help the client identify which of the following in his/her diet teaching as higher in
potassium? (Select all that apply)
a. Watermelon
b. Oranges
c. Banannas
d. Apples
e. Baked potatoes - Answer-Oranges, Bananas, Baked potatoes
,When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers that the principle of
water balance is closely related to the balance of:
A. bicarbonate
B. potassium
C. sodium
D. chloride - Answer-C. Sodium
During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as what type of
atrophy?
A. Disuse
B. Neurogenic
C. Pathologic
D. Physiologic - Answer-D. physiologic
Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by
A. osmotic forces.
B. buffer systems
C. antidiuretic hormone
D. plasma pressure - Answer-A. osmotic forces
Which is the initial treatment for hypernatremia?
a. Diuretic administration
b. Isotonic 0.9% normal saline fluid
c. Isotonic salt-free fluid (5% dextrose in water).
d. Restriction of fluids - Answer-C. Isotonic salt-free fluid (5% dextrose in water).
A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death
with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use
to define this process?
A. Adaptation
B. Apoptosis
C. Necrosis
D. Calcification - Answer-C. necrosis
A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory
disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous
epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular
adaptation is called:
A. metaplasia
B. anaplasia
, C. hyperplasiz
D. dysplasia - Answer-A. metaplasia
A report comes back indicating that muscular atrophy has occurred. A nurse recalls that
muscular atrophy involves a decrease in muscle cell
A. vacuoles
B. number
C. lipids
D. size - Answer-D. size
For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by:
A. Hypoventilating
B. Hyperventilating - Answer-B. Hyperventilating
While reading a textbook, a student reads the term apoptosis. The student recalls that
apoptosis is a condition in which cells program themselves to:
A. atrophy
B. die
C. age
D. regenerate - Answer-B. die
A nurse is reviewing lab reports. The nurse recalls blood plasma is located in which of
the following fluid compartments?
A. Intravascular fluid
B. Intracellular fluid (ICF)
C. Extracellular fluid (ECF)
D. Interstitial fluid - Answer-A. Intravascular fluid
A 15-year-old female presents to the ER following a physical assault. She has internal
damage to the neck with deep bruising. X-ray reveals fractures of the hyoid bone and
tracheal and cricoid cartilage. Which of the following most likely caused her injuries?
A. Chemical asphyxiation
B. Manual strangulation
C. Choking (foreign body) asphyxiation
D. Ligature strangulation - Answer-B. Manual strangulation
Which of the following is the most common cause of cellular injury?
A. Chemical injury
B. Hypoxia
C. Free radical-induced injury
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