A Level AQA Religious Studies: Christianity, gender and sexuality Questions &Answers
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A Level AQA Religious
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A Level AQA Religious
Development of biblical criticism - ANSWERSUntil the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, all western Christians were under the authority of Roman Church - Few Christians could read the Bible themselves.
During the Protestant Reformation - The Bible was translated into the vernacular of th...
A Level AQA Religious Studies:
Christianity, gender and sexuality
Questions &Answers
Development of biblical criticism - ANSWERSUntil the Protestant Reformation in the
16th century, all western Christians were under the authority of Roman Church - Few
Christians could read the Bible themselves.
During the Protestant Reformation - The Bible was translated into the vernacular of the
people - People were encouraged to read the Bible for themselves and develop their
own interpretation separate from Church teaching.
Background to the interpretation of scripture - ANSWERSRoman Church - Bible needed
to be interpreted by scholars who had also studied the traditional teaching of the
Church, passed down by Apostolic Tradition.
Protestants - Developed different understandings of the texts - Some saw it as self-
interpreting and others used reason.
19th century - Used reason to interpret the Bible so it was compatible with modern
science and thought - Liberal biblical criticism.
Key features of biblical criticism - ANSWERSExamines the text in its original language
to understand what the original authors intended - Context.
Looks at the background so modern readers see what it meant when it was written.
The intention of these processes is to find the truth expressed in the Bible whilst
recognising that it can't be read as simple fact or instructions.
Challenges to liberal biblical criticism: Barth - ANSWERSThe Bible is not simply a book
which could be fully understood for a modern context.
Instead it is an inspired text which challenged and confronted enlightenment values of
reason and scientific certainty.
The Bible is the measure by which science and reason are judged not the other way
around.
Challenges to liberal biblical criticism: Fundamentalism - ANSWERSArose in the early
20th century
In favour of 'the plain meaning of scripture'.
The text of the Bible is literally true and not interpretation is necessary to understand it.
Instructions and moral advice applies directly to Christians at all times in all places.
New Testament texts that support gender equality - ANSWERSRomans 16:1 - Paul's
letter - 'I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a deacon of the church...' - Suggests a
, situation where women and men equally share in the work of the Church, and deserve
to be greeted by name.
Galatians 3:26-28 - 'There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there
male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.' - Rules and social norms don't
apply.
New Testament texts that challenges gender equality - ANSWERSEphesians 5:22-23 -
'Wives, submit yourselves to your own husbands as you do to the Lord. For the
husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church...'
I Corinthians 14:34-35 - 'Women should remain silent in the churches. They are not
allowed to speak, but must be in submission, as the law says... for it is disgraceful for a
woman to speak in the church.'
1 Timothy 2:8-15 - ANSWERSTherefore I want the men everywhere to pray, lifting up
holy hands without anger or disputing. I also want the women to dress modestly, with
decency and propriety, adorning themselves, not with elaborate hairstyles or gold or
pearls or expensive clothes, but with good deeds, appropriate for women who profess to
worship God.
A woman should learn in quietness and full submission. I do not permit a woman to
teach or to assume authority over a man; she must be quiet. For Adam was formed first,
then Eve. And Adam was not the one deceived; it was the woman who was deceived
and became a sinner. But women will be saved through childbearing—if they continue
in faith, love and holiness with propriety.
Examination of 1 Timothy 2:8-15 - ANSWERSThe advice is specific and may not be
universally applicable.
Even if it was right for the women of Ephesus not to have taken a leading role in the
Church, that may not apply today - Few women at the time were given much formal
education.
The writer was replying to a specific problem and the was trying to prevent further harm
in the church.
The men had been arguing with the women and the women had been answering back,
which threatened the habitual power exercised by men over women.
The writer says 'I do not permit a woman to... assume authority over a man'. - The word
translated as 'assume authority over' only appears in this passage of the scriptures so
we cannot be sure of its meaning.
Different responses to the New Testament texts: Christian egalitarians - ANSWERSMen
and women are equal before God, and so have equal rights, roles and responsibilities in
the Church.
Different responses to the New Testament texts: Christian complementarians -
ANSWERSMen and women aren't equal, but have different qualities that work together
for the good of society and the Church.
Men are leaders and have authority in the Church and the community.
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