Global Journal of Medicine and Medical Science
Extended Abstract Open Access
Clinical Study Of 100 Cases Of Hoarseness Of
Voice- A Hospital Based Study
Anchal Gupta and Padam Singh Jamwal
Government Medical College, Jammu & Kashmir
ABSTRACT not visible to eyes during speech production
Background and objectives: Hoarseness is but its absence or malfunction is obvious. It is
defined as roughness of voice resulting from the most common symptom in
variations of periodicity or intensity of otolaryngological practice and is invariably
consecutive sound waves. Hoarseness is a related to large number of diseases of vocal
symptom not a disease. Materials and folds ranging from benign to malignant. Its
Methods: The present study was carried out in importance derives from the fact that though
the Department of ENT and Head and Neck benign lesions are numerically more common
Surgery, SMGS Hospital, Jammu over a causes of hoarseness than malignant,
period of 2 years from March 2016 to February opportunity for cure has been often lost by
2018: During this period the patients who delay under a benign diagnosis.
presented with hoarseness of voice were
MATERIAL AND METHODS
evaluated. Results: Total 100 cases were
studied. Average age group was found to be The present study was carried out in the
between 15-85 years. The number of female Department of ENT and Head and Neck
patients were 36 (36%) and male 64 (64%). In Surgery, SMGS Hospital, Jammu over a
the present series the most common lesion period of 2 years from March 2016 to February
was vocal nodule (30%) followed by vocal 2018 after taking proper approval of
polyp (23%), squamous cell carcinoma (16%), Institutional Ethical Commitee. During this
papilloma (10%), reinkes oedema (9%), period the patients who presented with
keratosis (7%), vocal cord paralysis(4%) and hoarseness of voice were evaluated. All the
laryngeal tuberculosis (1%). cases presenting with hoarseness of voice
Conclusion: Hoarseness is a common were included in the study except for the cases
symptom of laryngeal dysfunction. The micro with change in voice due to: 1) congenital
laryngeal surgery is a minimally invasive disease 2) nasal and nasopharyngeal
procedure used to correct voice disorder or pathology, 3) oral and oropharyngeal
other problems affecting the larynx. pathology, 4) speech defects due to CNS
Keyword: Hoarseness, vocal nodule, vocal lesions. A detailed history was taken, a
polyp. complete general physical examination and a
thorough ENT examination was done. The
INTRODUCTION
local examination was done using Indirect
The human voice is an extraordinary Laryngoscopy, Fibreoptic Laryngoscopy and
attainment which is capable of conveying not Direct Laryngoscopy and treated. Routine
only complex thought but also subtle emotions. investigations like complete blood count,
The vocal folds produce tones that becomes fasting and post prandial blood sugar were
modified by pharynx, palate, tongue and lips to carried out, urine routine examination, X ray
generate the individual sounds of speech.
[1] chest, X ray soft tissue neck AP and lateral
Hoarseness is a coarse, scratchy sound most views was done, histopathological examination
often associated with abnormalities of vibratory of suspected malignancies were done
margins of vocal folds. Although the voice is whenever required.
Medical Summit & Expo on ENT, Surgery & Otorhinolaryngology
November 16-17, 2020 | Vienna Austria 2020 | Volume 8| Issue 2
, Glob.J.Med.Med.Sci. June, 2020 Anchal Gupta et al. 2
The therapy was based on diagnosis. The DISCUSSION
benign lesions were excised by microlaryngeal
surgery and malignant lesions underwent In our study on 100 patients the age range of
treatment according to site and staging of patients was between 15-85 years., majority of
tumor. patients were seen in age group of 41-50
RESULTS years (26 %) and 21-30years (24 %) and 31-
nd
40 years (24%) followed by 2 decade (13 %).
In our study out of 100 patients presenting with [2]
hoarseness of voice, the age range of patients Baitha et al. also found majority of patients
was between 15-85 years. 64 (64%) were (28.18 %) in the age group of 31–40 years.
males and 36 (36%) were females, the male: Hansa et al.
[3]
stated majority (22.31 %) group
female ratio was 1.7:1. The most common age
of presentation in males was 41-50 years fall between the ages of 31–40 years. All these
(20%) whereas in females maximum patients findings were similar to our study. Herrington-
were in the age group of 21-30 years (14%). Hall et al.
[4]
stated that taking the variable of
Majority of males (31.25%) presented in age
age into account, it is clear that laryngeal
group 41-50 years whereas majority of female
(33.33%) presented in 31-40 years age group [ pathologies occur most frequently in the older
Table 1][ Figure 1][Figure 2]. age group because carcinoma and vocal fold
The largest group of patients comprised of paralysis being the most commonly found
housewives (31%), followed by businessmen cause of vocal dysfunction in the elderly.
(30%), vendors (15%), students (15%), Females presented with laryngeal pathologies
teachers (8%) and singers (1%). [Figure 3]
at a slightly younger age. Majority of males
In the present series the most common lesion (31.25%) presented in age group 41-50 years
was vocal nodule (30%)[ Figure 5] followed by
whereas majority of female (33.33%)
vocal polyp (23%)[ Figure 6], squamous cell
carcinoma (16%)[ Figure 8] , papilloma (10%), presented in 31-40 years age group. A ratio of
reinkes oedema (9%)[ Figure 7], keratosis 1.7:1 with male predominance was observed
(7%), vocal cord paralysis(4%) and laryngeal
in this study. Male to female ratio in Baitha et
tuberculosis (1%).In males, the most common [2] [5], [6] [7]
condition associated with hoarseness of voice al. , Mehta Parikh , Deshmukh with
was vocal polyp (19%) whereas in females the 2:1, 1.8:1, 2:1 and 1.5:1 respectively. In our
most common lesion encountered was vocal study, housewives comprised majority of
nodule (18%). (23%) cases of vocal cord
cases (31 %) followed by 30 % of
polyps are responsible for hoarseness of voice
with male: female ratio 4.75: 1. [ Figure 4] businessmen. This majority was associated
with presence of small children at home. In
Out of 100 patients vocal abuse was present in
75% patients whereas in rest 25% patients females majority of cases were housewives
[8]
there was no vocal abuse but other associated (31%). Ghosh et al. found majority of
factors like smoking, alcohol were present. Out
patients (29 %) were housewives.
of 9 cases of reinkes oedema 6 (66%) were
females, whereas out of 16 cases of Nodule was most common lesion found in our
malignancy of larynx presenting with study in 30 % cases with male: female ratio of
hoarseness of voice 12 (75%) were males. 0.67:1 whereas in a study in by Hansa et al.
The distribution of laterality of lesion is given in [3]
it was seen in 11% patients with male:
Table 2
female ratio 1:1.7. In another study incidence
was found only 12.72 % with male to female
[2].
ratio 1:1.3 We found (23%) cases of vocal
Medical Summit & Expo on ENT, Surgery & Otorhinolaryngology
November 16-17, 2020 Vienna Austria 2020 | Volume 1| Issue 2
