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Davita ICHD PCT QUESTIONS RATED 100% CORRECT.
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Davita ICHD PCT QUESTIONS RATED100% CORRECT.
4 Transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis? ANS - ultrafiltration
convection
diffusion
osmosis
What are kidneys excretory functions? ANS - normalize electrolytes, remove waste, provide fluid, and
nutrient balance
What is ultrafiltration? ANS - fluid pushed through semipermeable membrane ( SPM) membrane
What is diffusion? ANS - particles move from an area of high concentration to low
What is osmosis? ANS - fluid moves from area of low to high concentration
How do we replace normal excretory kidney functions? ANS - By normalizing electrolytes and providing
fluid balance through ultrafiltration
What is the function of acid concentrate? ANS - Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion
What is the function of bicarbonate in dialysis solution? ANS - buffers the acid concentrate
What is the function of bicarbonate when it diffuses into the patient's blood? ANS - Normalizes body
PH
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia ANS - >6.5 mEq symptoms: Extreme muscle weakness, Abnormal
heart rhythm, and possible cardiac arrest
,What are the signs and symptoms of hypokalemia? ANS - <3.5 mEq symptoms: Fatigue, muscle
weakness, paralysis, and respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
What are the kidneys endocrine functions? ANS - Renin secretion, erythropoieton secretion, vitamin D
activation
How do we replace normal and the current kidney functions? ANS - Provide medications
What is uremia? What does it effect? ANS - The build-up of waste in the blood due to kidney failure it
affects all body systems
Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD ANS - -slow the progression
-manage complications
-control symptoms
-minimize effects of CKD on patient lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encourage parents to partin their health care
Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance ANS - Edema, hypertension, shortness of breath
Why is sodium balance important? ANS - Leads to Volume Expansion--increased CO--increased
peripheral vascular resistance- -increased BP
Systemic effects of CKD-send what would you advise for a patientt who complains of peripheral
neuropathy( Nerve paint in the extremities) ANS - Monitor patient for changes in motor function,
decrease strength in legs, C/O Restless legs, burning feet. Advise patients not to walk barefoot, have
good foot care practices
What does hypertension lead to? ANS - Left ventricular hypertrophy
, Treatment for pericarditis ANS - Decrease or stop heparin, give more frequent dialysis
Why are dialysis patients anemic? ANS - The lifespan of the red blood cell is 60 days or probably half of
the normal 120 days
Primary cause of anemia ANS - Lack of hormone erythropoietin (EPO)
Secondary cause of anemia ANS - Inadequate iron stores, and adequate dialysis, malnutrition coma
blood loss during treatment
What are the 4 key elements contributing to CKD- Mineral bone disorder (MBD)? ANS - CA, phos,
vitamin D (calcitriol)- all lead to CKD-MBD when they are abnormal
How do we prevent contributing to lower hemoglobin and blood loss in dialysis patients? ANS - verify
epogindose is correct and administered, rinse back until venous line is pink and tingedand avoid
repeated lab draws
What are symptoms of CKD-MBD in addition to bone disease? ANS - Soft tissue calcification, itching,
muscle weakness, pathological fractures, tendon ruptures, compression of vertebrae, atherosclerosis,
heart disease
What is your role in CKD-MBD management ANS - Report symptoms urge patients to take meds, Report
non compliance problems related to non adherence
What are the 4 key elements contributing to CKD-mineral bone disease (MBD)? ANS - calcium,
phosphorus, PTH, vitamin D(calcitriol) all lead to CKD-MBD when they are abnormal
Define AKI ANS - -Spectrum of kidney issues
-Includes acute renal failure & renal function changes
Can dialyze in and out of facility
Examples of pre-renal cause of AKI ANS - Obstruction, volume depletion, impaired cardiac function
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