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Human Development SPMM – Questions & Correct Solutions (Solved)
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Human Development SPMM – Questions & Correct Solutions (Solved)
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Human Development SPMM – Questions & CorrectSolutions (Solved)
IQ is often debated to be closely linked to genetics- what 4 considerations are
there to refute this? Right Ans - 1. heritability affected with age - 30%
children (increases to 80% adults)
2. Heritability IQ affected by demographics= Scarr study showed those in
poverty had less genetic effects on intelligence than others - environment
must play role
3. Genetic influence likely to be variable- so many components of intelligence
there won't be a single gene complex responsible
4. Effect shared environment - would expect twins to have closer IQ but family
members with closer shared environment has heavier effect
List 4 key developmental models Right Ans - Freuds psychosexual
development
Eriksons psychosocial
Piagets cognitive model
Kohlbergs moral model
Who came up with the following theories of development?
Temperament
Attachment theroy
Collaborative learning theory
Maturational growth theory Right Ans - In order:
Thomas, Chess, Kagan - temeprament biologically based - itneracts with
environment
Bowlby - innate tendency to seek relationships which influence behaviour
patterns later life
Vygotsky - scaffolding,ZPD, social apprentice
Gesell - maturation of nervous system leads to explaining human behaviour
What are Freud's psychosexual stages? Right Ans - Oral stage- 0-1 years -
drive discharge by sucking/biting/chewing - ego develops here
Anal - 1-3 - drive discharge via sphincter behaviour
Phallic/oedipal 3-5 - genital behaviour - wish to have libidinal relationship
with opposite sex parent
(oedipus complex)
, (electra complex - blaming mother for not giving daughter a penis)
Identify with same sex parent and start to develop superego similar to them
Latency 5-12 - drive /sexual energy sublimated towards school work, hobbies,
interests and friends
Genital 12+ - Biological maturation occurs - genital sexuality formed
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development list the first 4 stages +
matching virtue Right Ans - Trust vs mistrust - <1 year - hope - trust and
dependent
Autonomy vs shame 1-3 yr - will - confident in own abilities
Initiative vs guilt- 3-5 yr - purpose- starts to think of own ideas e.g games
Industry (competence) vs inferiority 5-12 years - competence- develops
feelings of being successful
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development list the last 4 stages +
matching virtue Right Ans - Identity vs role confusion - 12-19 yr - fidelity -
understnading who you are in society and sexually
Intimacy vs isolation 19-35 yrs- love- comfortable relationships and
comittment/safety
Generativity vs stagnation 35-65 yrs - care - middle adulthood offers chance to
give back to society - raising children
Integrity vs despair - 65+ - wisdom- slow down, contemplate
lives/accomplishments - integrity if satisfied and despair if not - +
3 stages of Kohlberg's moral development Right Ans - 1. Pre-conventional
0-9 years
2. Conventional- 9-20 years
3. Post-conventional- 2+ years
4 stages Piaget cognitive development Right Ans - sensorimotor 0-2 yrs,
preoperational 2-7 yrs concrete operational- 7-11 years formal operational-
11+ years
Child development - list motor tasks ages+ stages of development Right
Ans - 0-3 months - grasp reflex
3 months - holds head up - no grasp reflex
5-6 months - reach, oral exploration
6 months - hand hand transfer, palmar grasp, roll both ways, supported sit
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