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Introduction to Physiology

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Course
BIOL-261

Institution
Southwestern Community College

Prepare for Exam 1 with our comprehensive study questions on homeostasis! These carefully crafted questions cover key concepts, mechanisms, and examples of homeostatic processes in the body. They are designed to reinforce your understanding and help you apply what you've learned in class. Each q...

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Uploaded on October 18, 2024
Number of pages 7
Written in 2024/2025
Type Other
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exam 1
study questions
membrane transport
control of glucose levels
introduction to physiology
the cell and cell membrane
cell communication and homeostasis

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Human Physiology Study Sheet 1
This study sheet is meant to guide you in your studying and this sheet is what you need
to know for the first exam on (write in the date)____09/12/24_____. You need to
convince yourself that you truly know these answers. You should answer these questions
in any manner you see fit (handwrite, type, draw figures), but they need to be done
ahead of time to prepare you for the exams. Your answers will be turned in BEFORE
the exam on canvas to get full credit. Feel free to collaborate with others when going
over these questions, but make sure you know and understand what you have written
down.

1. List the 10 organ (body) systems and describe one function for each of them.
Table 1-1 (don’t spend much time on this)

● Integumentary System: Protects the body from outside damage with the skin, hair, and nails.
● Skeletal System: Supports and gives structure to the body with bones.
● Muscular System: Allows movement by contracting muscles.
● Nervous System: Regulates body functions by sending signals through the brain and nerves.
● Cardiovascular System: Moves blood around the body to supply oxygen and nutrients.
● Lymphatic System: Filets fluids and helps fight infection with the immune system.
● Respiratory System: Allows gas exchange by bringing in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide
through the lungs.
● Digestive System: Breaks down food into nutrients that the body can absorb.
● Endocrine System: Controls bodily functions by releasing hormones.
● Urinary System: Removes waste from the blood and produces urine.

2. Anatomy is the study of structure while physiology is the study of what?

Physiology is the study of function. It defines how a particular body part performs its functions.

3. Explain your understanding of homeostasis. Note the difference between the
intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). In addition to blood
plasma, what constitutes the ECF?

Homeostasis is the body’s way of keeping its internal environment stable and balanced. The internal
environment consists of extracellular fluid, which includes blood plasma and interstitial fluid.

4. List 5 factors/homeostatic balances in the body need to be maintained within
certain limits (note: I listed 7 in my notes. There may more, but only list 5).
Why must these factors be maintained?

● Glucose Levels: Keeping glucose levels stable is important because too high or too low levels
can cause serious health problems, like diabetes or low blood sugar, which affect energy and
metabolism.

, ● Oxygen Levels: Having enough oxygen is crucial for producing energy in cells. Low oxygen
can harm brain function and other important functions, while too much oxygen can be toxic.
● Temperature: Body temperature must be controlled to keep enzymes and metabolic functions
working well. Extreme temperatures can lead to heat stroke or hypothermia, which can harm
overall health.
● Acidity (pH): Keeping a balanced pH is important for enzyme activity and metabolism. If the
pH is off, it can cause conditions like acidosis, which can disrupt many bodily functions.
● Waste Levels (Carbon Dioxide, Ammonia): Removing waste products like carbon dioxide
and ammonia is essential to avoid toxic build-up that can interfere with cellular and metabolic
functions.

5. For each of the five factors you listed, mention one body systems involved with
their homeostasis. (just mention, no need to explain)

● Glucose Levels = Endocrine System
● Oxygen Levels = Respiratory System
● Temperature = Integumentary System
● Acidity (pH) = Urinary System
● Waste Levels (Carbon Dioxide, Ammonia) = Urinary System

6. Draw an animal cell including the following structures: cell membrane,
nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and lysosomes.

7. In what part of the cell are chromosomes located? What is the function of
ribosomes? Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus?

Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The function of ribosomes is to translate
messenger RNA sequences into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins. The
rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis and function of proteins. The Golgi apparatus
is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids that have been synthesized in
the rough ER.

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