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AP Euro - Most Influential People Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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AP Euro - Most Influential People
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AP Euro - Most Influential PeopleKing Louis XIV - answerRuled with an iron fist for 60 years, and always wanted war.
Believed in Divine Right theory, in which God chose him to rule over the masses and
that anyone who challenged him would be challenging God. Thought that an absolute
monarchy was the best form of government, and that men couldn't be trusted to govern
themselves. The Sun God.
Martin Luther - answera German monk who became one of the most famous critics of
the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief
attacking the church practices.
Henry VIII - answer(1491-1547) King of England from 1509 to 1547; his desire to annul
his marriage led to a conflict with the pope, England's break with the Roman
Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of
England in 1532.
Elizabeth I - answerruled from 1558-1603; followed a policy that was a middle course
between Catholic and Protestant extremes. She sets up a national Church, is declared
head of the Anglican Church, establishes a state Church that moderates Catholics and
Protestants, allowed priests to marry, allowed sermons to be delivered in English, and
made the Book of Common Prayer more acceptable to Catholics.
Mary Queen of Scots - answerCatholic relative to Protestant Queen Elizabeth I of
England. She allegedly plotted with Spain's Philip II to overthrow Elizabeth and reassert
Catholicism in England. Elizabeth had her beheaded.
Johan Tetzel - answer1517 AD. Sold indulgences to help pay for St. Peter's Basilica.
"Whenever a coin in the coffers rings, a soul from Purgatory springs."
John Locke - answerBelieved people were born like blank slates and the environment
shapes development, (tabula rasa). Wrote Essay Concerning Human Understanding,
and Second Treatise of Government.
Machiavelli - answerRenaissance writer; formerly a politician, wrote The Prince, a work
on ethics and government, describing how rulers maintain power by methods that
ignore right or wrong; accepted the philosophy that "the end justifies the means."
Adam Smith - answerScottish political economist and philosopher. His Wealth of
Nations (1776) laid the foundations of classical free-market economic theory,
government should not interfere with economics. Advocates Laissez Faire and founder
of "invisible hand"
, Cardinal Richelieu - answerKing Louis XIII was a weak ruler and Richelieu filled the
void, more or less running the empire via his advice to the king. A clever politician and
strategist, Richelieu expanded royal power, punished dissent harshly, and built France
into a great European power
Adolf Hitler - answerBorn in Austria, Hitler became a radical German nationalist during
World War I. He led the National Socialist German Workers' Party-the Nazi Party-in the
1920s and became dictator of Germany in 1933. He led Europe into World War II. (p.
786)
Joseph Stalin - answerBolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after
1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with
an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush
opposition
Mussolini - answerwas an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is
credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism. He became the
Prime Minister of Italy in 1922 and began using the title Il Duce by 1925.
Kruschev - answerUSSR( second leader, berlin wall, secret speech, cuban
missiles)communist reformer, a leader of soviet union and communism. responsible for
the partial de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union. (1953-64)
Winston Churchill - answer1874 to 1965; greatest wartime leader; rallied the British with
his speeches, infectious confidence, and bulldog determination; known for his "iron
curtain" speech; led the British during World War II; agreed Hitler should be conquered;
was thrown out by his own people.
Voltaire - answerFrench, perhaps greatest Enlightenment thinker. Deist. Mixed
glorification and reason with an appeal for better individuals and institutions. Wrote
"Candide". Believed enlightened despot best form of government.
Henry IV - answerHenry of Navarre- 1st Bourbon King. ended french civil wars- Edict of
Nantes- some religious protection of Huguenots ( French Potestants). Assassinated in
1610
Catherine de Medici - answerWas the wife of Henry II (Valois). She acted as regent
during the reign of her three weak and ineffective sons - Francis II (1559-60) Charles IX
(1560-74) Henry III (1574-89). Ordered the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.
Napoleon - answerA French general, political leader, and emperor of the late eighteenth
and early nineteenth centuries. Bonaparte rose swiftly through the ranks of army and
government during and after the French Revolution and crowned himself emperor in
1804. He conquered much of Europe but lost two-thirds of his army in a disastrous
invasion of Russia. After his final loss to Britain and Prussia at the Battle of Waterloo, he
was exiled to the island of St. Helena in the south Atlantic Ocean.
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