NUR 410 Gerontological Nursing Exam 2
Questions And Correct Answers
Inadequate quality or quantity of sleep is associated with risks of what? - answer✔physical and
mental health
Inability to fall sleep, difficulty staying asleep, or premature waking are all known as -
answer✔insomnia
A condition characterized by at least five leg jerks or movements per hour during sleep -
answer✔nocturnal myoclonus
Nocturnal myoclonus is a condition characterized by at least _______ leg jerks or movements
per _______ during sleep - answer✔5; hour
What is phase advance? - answer✔falling asleep earlier in the evening and awakening earlier in
the morning
What is restless leg syndrome? - answer✔neurological disorder characterized by an
uncontrollable urge to move the legs when one lies down
apnea is a disorder in which at least ______ episodes of cessation of breathing, lasting at least
_______ seconds, occur per hour of sleep, accompanied by
_________________________________ - answer✔5; 10; daytime sleepiness
Delay in the onset of sleep is known as - answer✔sleep latency
What characteristics of sleep are affected by age-related changes? - answer✔circadian sleep-
wake cycles
sleep architecture (stages)
sleep efficiency
sleep quality
T or F: In phase advance, the quantity of sleep changes - answer✔False. The quantity of sleep
does not change, but the hours in which it occurs may.
Insufficient Stage ____ sleep can cause emotional dysfunction - answer✔IV and REM
What is the self-rating tool used to assess for sleep disturbances in the older adult? -
answer✔Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
What is a better predictor of suicide in older adults than depressive symptoms? - answer✔sleep
quality
Insomnia is a ____________ not a _______________ - answer✔symptom; condition/disease
Chronic insomnia - answer✔insomnia lasting 3 or more weeks
Nocturnal myoclonus is associated with - answer✔use of TCA and chronic renal failure
Alterations in dopamine and iron metabolism are believed to the causes of - answer✔restless leg
syndrome
What are some interventions that can help relieve restless leg syndrome for some individuals? -
answer✔-drinking water (dehydration worsens symptoms)
-massage
-application of heat or cold
-iron supplements
central sleep apnea - answer✔defect in the central nervous system that affects the diaphragm
obstructive sleep apnea - answer✔blockage in the upper airway that interferes with normal air
flow
What should be avoided in patients with sleep apnea? - answer✔-sleeping in supine position
-alcohol and other drugs with depressant effects
Why should depressants be avoided in patients with sleep apnea? - answer✔they decrease the
respiratory drive and relaxes throat muscles therefore aggravating the problem
antihistamines carry a high risk of _____________________ in older adults so they should be
avoided - answer✔anticholinergic side effects
A sleep history includes - answer✔-time spent sleeping /napping
-quality of sleep
-medication review
-bedtime routines
-presence of sleep disturbances and if present, go in depth
Barbiturate use in older adults - answer✔utmost caution:
-CNS depressant
-can significantly depress some vital body functions
-lower basal metabolic rate
-decreases BP, mental activity, peristalsis to the point that other problems may develop
What are some nonpharmacological interventions to promote sleep in older adults? - answer✔-
increase daytime activity to promote nighttime sleep
-consult physician about eliminating problem medications
-room temp between 70-75 deg. F
-stimulate sleep: soft music, TV, drink warm milk, white noise
-back rubs
-exposure to sunlight during the day
-warm bath at bedtime
-comfortable position
-quiet environment
-high protein/carbohydrate snack at bedtime
- Valerian root tea or herbal tincture (45min prior to bed)
-manage stress
3 measures to help older adults fall asleep naturally - answer✔1. regular exercise
2. exposure to sunlight during the day
3. noncaffeinated herbal teas at bedtime
What are compensatory measures to mange stress? - answer✔-respond to stress in a healthy
manner: good nutrition, rest, exercise, sound health practices
-manage lifestyle: to reduce stress of unpredictable situation
-relax
-pray: "unload" problems
Holistic perspective of comfort - answer✔a sense of physical, emotional, social, and spiritual
peace and well-being
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