Exam (elaborations)
AP EURO CHAPTER 21 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Exam of 8 pages for the course AP European at AP European (AP EURO CHAPTER 21)
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AP EURO CHAPTER 21Congress of Vienna - answer This was the meeting of the members of the Quadruple
Alliance (Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia), led by Prince Klemens von
Metternich who wanted to defeat France and ensure peace after the war. (redistribute
territory, establish a balance of power, and stop any future revolutions) It was
successful in preventing any major world wars.
Klemens von Metternich - answer He was the Austrian foreign minister who led the
Congress of Vienna and claimed that he was guided by the principal of legitimacy. The
Congress was very successful in preventing any major world wars. experienced
diplomat who was also conceited and self-assured
"legitimacy" - answerThis was what Metternich claimed he was guided at the Congress
of Vienna. This ideal felt that it was necessary to restore legitimate monarchs
(hereditary) to reestablish peace and stability in Europe. Largely ignored and completely
shadowed by more practical considerations of power.
balance of power - answerThe powers at Vienna believed that this needed to be
established in Europe so no country become too powerful so the nations were all equal
and able to keep peace. To enforce this, Prussia and Austria were given land and was
strengthened so they could weaken others and surround France.
Edmund Burke and conservatism - answerHe started this political view by writing about
society was a contract where the state was like a partner. No generation could destroy
this contract, and had to preserve it and transfer it to the next generation. This was
against violent revolutions and instead believed in gradual change/improvements and
that society should obey political authority and disapproved of liberalism or nationalism.
(community's needs more important than individual)Society was to be organized and
traditional, with hereditary monarchs, government bureaucracies, landowning
aristocrats, and the revival of churches.
Joseph de Maistre - answerHe was the most influential spokesman for conservatism; he
encouraged the restoration of divine hereditary monarchy which would guarantee order
in society.
Concert of Europe - answerThis was a series of alliances among European nations in
the 19th century devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of
revolutions. Great Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria agreed to meet often to discuss
maintaining peace.
the congress system - answerThis was the system that the Concert of Europe created,
meant to promote peace and order in Europe, and establish conservatism. There were
, 4 events of gathering in total, and the success ranged from excellent to terrible.
Eventually France joined to balance of powers to the Quintuple Alliance. Von Metternich
and Alexander I were the main leaders.
Latin American revolts - answerSpanish authority in Latin American colonies was
already low, and then Venezuela and Colombia were freed by Simon Bolivar (the
Liberator). Then with Jose de San Martin freed Peru, then Chile. The British proposed
action with the U.S. to invade and keep Europe from interfering. Later almost all of Latin
America had been free of colonial domination. Old patterns soon restablished now
Great britain dominated the economy.
Monroe Doctrine - answerU.S. President James ________ issued this as a result of his
distrust of the motives of Britain. It guaranteed independence to Latin American nations
and warned against intervention of the European nations. It claimed the Western
Hemisphere as American property.
Greek Revolt - answerThe _______ ___________ was rebellion against their Ottoman
Turk controllers. A combined British and French fleet intervened and defeated the large
Ottoman armada while Russia defeated the Turks on land. The Treaty of Adrianople
stated that Russia gained control of two provinces and allowed Britain, France and
Russia decide ________'s faith. The powers decided to make the country independent.
Wanted to maintain their language and their Greek Orthodox faith and wanted
liberation. Treaty of Adrianople ended the Russian Turkish war.
Tories and Whigs - answerThese were the two political factions of Britain's Parliament.
________: conservatives, little interest in changing political and electoral system.
Dominated by aristocracy/landed classes. Responded to the falling agricultural prices
with the Corn Law of 1815.
________: liberalists, wanted change. Dominated by industrial middle class/working
class.
Corn Laws and the Peterloo Massacre - answerThese were established by the Tory
government and put tariffs on important grain. This helped the landowners, but rising
bread prices made working conditions worse. This protest was a result, where a group
of cavalry attacked demonstrators in Manchester and killed 11 people. This event led to
Parliament's establishment of more repressive methods.
Louis XVIII and Charles X - answerThis king (of France) accepted Napoleon's Civil
Code (which kept the rights of those who bought church property, and established a
bicameral legislature in France). He was the successor to _______. He granted money
to aristocrats whose land had been taken during the Revolution and tried to reestablish
the power of the Catholic church over education, but public outrage led to a
compromise. He formed the idea of ministerial responsibility.(ministers don't follow
orders kings orders.)
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