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AP Euro Final Exam Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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Exam of 23 pages for the course AP European at AP European (AP Euro Final Exam)
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AP Euro Final ExamBlack Death (The Plague) - answer1347 Genoese sailors carried cargo along with
disease-infested rats and fleas with a disease later called this. Often transmitted person
to person- many priests died because cared for the sick. Started with boil, bubo that
was a bump the size of a nut or apple and very painful- gave name. Next came bleeding
under skin with spots and blotches. Finally person coughed violently and spit blood and
death followed in 2 or 3 days. Not enough time, people, and places to bury and properly
care for the dead body so disease spread faster.
Hundred Years' War - answer Conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453;
fought over lands England possessed in France and feudal rights versus the emerging
claims of national states. 1259 Treaty of Paris said English king agreed to become
vassal of French crown. When Queen Isabella of England killed her husband King
Edward II the French barons wouldn't let her son Edward III or her rule the French
monarch. Crown given to Philip VI nephew of Philip the Fair and Philip exercised full
jurisdiction which Edward III said violated Treaty of Paris. War also became French civil
war making it last longer. Both governments supported the war. England lost all its
possessions in France except Calais. Both sides death great and because of Black
Death. The crisis led to challenges to the Church.
Joan of Arc - answerFrench peasant girl and military leader inspired by religious visions
to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king and
helped French win key battles in Hundreds Years' War. English captured her and
France didn't fight back. English condemned her as a heretic in 1431 and burned her at
stake in Rouen marketplace.
Babylonian Captivity - answer(1309-1376) Philip the Faire pressured Pope Clement V to
settle permanently in Avignon, France to control the church and its policies. It weakened
the papal prestige.
Great Schism - answerItalian citizens wanted a new pope in Rome and France wanted
Cardinal Robert, cousin of Charles V of France to be pope in Avignon. There were 2
popes, Urban (VI) in Rome and Clement VII (Cardinal Robert) in Avignon. Confusion
over which pope was legitimate and broke down piety and the church. 2 popes and
division until 1417
John Wycliffe - answerEnglish scholar like an early Martin Luther and helped Europe
move toward the Reformation. Wrote that papal claims of power were not in the
Scriptures and the Scriptures alone should be standard of belief and everyone should
read for themselves. Urged abolition of veneration of saints, pilgrims, pluralism and
absenteeism.
,Conciliar Movement - answerReform of the church through general councils
representing all Christians. The pope still is the head of the church, but authority is from
the Christian community. Solution to the unrest and Schism and called for a new pope.
Led rise to Renaissance papacy.
Jan Hus - answerCzechoslovakian priest like Wycliffe. He denounced superstition, sale
of indulgences, and other abuses. He defeated transubstantiation and insisted Church
authority derived from the Scripture alone.
Secularism - answerconcern with the material world and not the eternal world of spirit.
Want to find the ultimate explanation of everything. New society and wealth allowed
material pleasures, comfortable life and time to appreciate the arts.
Humanism - answerExpansion of learning and emphasized humans and their
achievements, interests, and capabilities. Importance of the individual to get an
education, study Latin, and wrote to understand human value. Christian ________
believe in education but stress ethical way of life and spiritual and education through
church.
Individualism - answerStressed personality, uniqueness, genius, and the fullest
development of capabilities and talents.
Francesco Petrarch - answerKnown as the father of Renaissance Humanism. He lived
from 1304-1374 as a cleric and committed his life to humanistic pursuits and careful
study of the classics. He resisted writing in the Italian vernacular and broke from the old
Rome glory ages what he called "Dark Ages" into a new golden age of intellectual
achievement.
Italian Renaissance - answerinterest in classical antiquity, perfect human form, and high
regard for the individual. Papal still hold authority but people turn toward material things
and interest in art.
Northern Renaissance - answerlike Christian humanist more interest in biblical and
devotional literature, polished the human soul and searched for Christian roots. More
ethnic morality, literature, and art.
Italian City States - answerPower held in Florence by Medici banking family. Central
Italy was Papal States. Major states controlled smaller ones competing for territory and
created balance of power and modern diplomacy. A lot of oversea and canal transport
and trade and Florence capital of banking but most Italians made money through selling
wool
Venice, Milan, Florence, Naples, Papal States
Feudalism - answerclass structure
, Rapheal Sanzio - answerFlorentine who created frescoes (rapid watercolor painting
done on wet plaster, walls, and ceilings) in the papal apartments and painted portraits of
devotional images.
Baldassare Castiglione - answerwrote The Courtier (1528) about training the young
man into a gentleman. He should be educated in many academic subjects and have
spiritual, physical, and intellectual capabilities. Young men should be able to dance,
sing, wrestle, ride, do difficult math, and speak and write well. Also talked about perfect
court lady but to lesser extent and women too should be educated, play instrument,
paint, and have beauty and dress modest. 16th and 17th century translated into all
European languages and shaped social mores and patterns.
Johann Gutenberg - answerinvented to movable type- printing press with metal inked up
symbols pressed onto the paper
Renaissance Women (Laura Creta) - answerhumanist who defended women's right to
education- wrote letters people read, wanted them to paint but not excepted into
academies and universities, not allowed to study male nude or sign name for art
Thomas More - answerwrote Utopia (1516) presents a perfect society in which
everyone is equal. Suggests that the basic problems in society are caused by greed,
people are corrupt.
Desiderius Erasmus - answerwrote 'The Praise of Folly' 'The Education of a Christian
Prince' believed that education is the means to reform, and the core of education shoud
be to study the bible and the classics
Rogier Van der Weyden - answerFlemish painters used oil based paints successfully,
paid attention to personality and were considered equals of Italian painters
Jan Van Eyck - answerone of earliest artists who used oil-based paintings. 'Ghent
Altarpiece' and 'Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride' show Flemish love for detail
War of the Roses - answer2 rival houses but also had family power 1455-1471 dual
houses of York (white rose symbol) and Lancaster (red rose symbol) civil war, Edward
IV defeated the Lancastrians
Giotto - answerFlorentine painter who used realism in treatment of the human body and
face
Albrect Durer - answerGerman artist used realism and painted many self portraits made
many woodcuts
Cesare Borgia - answerson of Pope Alexander VI who aided his father militarily and
politically. He became the hero of Machiavelli's "The Prince" he was like a lion and fox
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