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AP Euro Questions and Answers 100% Solved
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Exam of 21 pages for the course AP European at AP European (AP Euro)
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AP EuroRobert Clive - answer was a British officer, who established the political supremacy of
the British of India. He is best known for securing India's wealth and riches and one of
the key figures in creating British India. Before him, the Mughal Empire was divided into
a small number to states.
Treaty of Paris: - answer marked the end of the French and Indian War. It gave Britain
Canada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines, and Tobago. It also gave them the French trading posts in India, slave-
trading station at Goree, and Britain restored Manila and Havana to Spain. They also
restored Gualupe, Gooree, and the Indian trading posts to France in return for Canada,
Dominica, Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Tobago to Britain. Spain
ceded Florida to Britain, and in order to avoid Louisiana being give to the British, France
secretly sold it to Spain. France also recognized Britain clients as rulers of key Indian
states and pledged not to send troops to Bengal.
Childhood development: - answer Childhood was more and more viewed as a phase in
human development. One result was a shift to dressing children in more comfortable
clothes appropriate to their age rather than dressing them in clothes modeled after adult
styles. Shops for children's clothes appeared for the first time: Primogeniture, the
practice of treating the first son as the favorite, also came under attack. All children, it
was argued, deserve their paretns' attention. Appeals for women to breast-feed their
own children rather than use wet nurses soon followed. In England, games and toys
were specifically for children now appeared. The jigaw puzzle was invented and books
like Little Pretty Pocket-Book aimed to please as well as teach children.
infanticide: - answerIn times of economic crisis, children proved to be economic burdens
to some families and they abandoned their children at foundling homes. This remained
a solution to the problem of too many children. So many children were "accidentally"
being suffocated while in their parents' bed that in Austria a law was enacted that
forbade parents to place children under five years old in bed with them. More common
than infanticide was simply leaving unwanted children at foundling homes or hospitals,
which became a favorite charity of the rich.
illegitimacy: - answerthere was a low rate of illegitimate births in the first half of the
eighteenth century. After 1750, illegitimacy appears to have increased. Studies in
Germany show that rates of illegitimacy increased from 2 percent to about 5 percent,
which was followed by an even more dramatic increase in the nineteenth century.
agricultural revolution: - answeran increase in agricultural productivity and net output.
This supported population growth and eventually helped drive the Industrial Revolution.
Eighteenth century agriculture was characterized by increases in food production that
,can be attributed to four interrelated factors: more farmland, increased yields per acre,
healthier and more abundant livestock, and an improved climate. The amount of land
under cultivation was increased by abandoning the old open-field system. The formerly
empty fields were now planted with new crops, such as alfalfa, turnips, and clover,
which stored nitrogen in their roots and thereby restored the soil's fertility.
Charles Townshend: - answerTownshend became president of the Privy Council and (in
1721) secretary of state. By 1724 he and Walpole were the leading figures in the
ministry. Townshend's major diplomatic achievement was the formation of the League
of Hanover (1725), which brought England, France, and Prussia into an alliance against
Austria and Spain. Nevertheless, in 1730 Townshend resigned because Walpole—by
now the dominant minister—would not allow him to pursue an aggressive policy against
Austria.
Townshend earned his nickname "Turnip Townshend" for his contribution to the
development of the use of turnips in crop rotation.
Jethro Tull: - answerhe perfected the horse seed drill and sowed the seeds in neat
rows. These methods were adopted by large landowners and served as the basis for
modern agriculture. He also advocated the use of horses instead of oxen and invented
a horse drawn hoe for clearing weeds and made changed to design a lough which are
still used today. He was aware that horse manure carried weed seeds, and hoped to
avoid using fertilizer by pulverizing the soil to enhance the availability of plant nutrients.
Robert Bakewell: - answerone of the most important figures of the British agricultural
Revolution. He implemented a much more organized system of raising livestock. This
not only led to a better understanding of sheep, cattle, and horse, but also an increase
about artificial selection.
potatoes and maize - answerThe eighteenth century witnessed greater yields of
vegetables, including two important American crops, the potato and maize. Although
they were not grown in quantity until after 1700, both had been brought to Europe from
America. The potato became a staple in Germany, the Low Countries, and especially
Ireland, where repression by English landlords forced large numbers of poor peasants
to survive on small plots of marginal land. The potato took relatively little effort to
produce in large quantities. Because it was high in sodium, vitamin A and C, it could
easily be stored for winter use.
enclosure movement - answerIn the eighteenth century, the fencing in of the old open
fields, combining many small holdings into larger units that could be farmed more
efficiently.
Corn Laws - answera measure that imposed extraordinarily high tariffs on foreign grain.
Through that tariffs benefited the landowners, the price of bread rose substantially,
making conditions for the working classes more difficult. Mass protest meetings took a
nasty turn when a squadron of cavalry attacked a crowd of 600,000 demonstrators at at
Peter's Fields in Manchester in 1819.
, Bank of London - answerfounded in 1694. Unlike other banks accustomed to receiving
deposits and exchanging foreign currencies, the Bank of England also made loans. In
return for lending money to the government, the bank was allowed to issue paper
"banknotes" backed by its credit. These soon became negotiable and provided a paper
substitute for gold and silver currency. The issuance of government bonds paying
regular interest, backed by the Bank of England and the London financial community,
created the notion of a public of "national debt" distinct from the monarch's personal
debts. This process meant that capital for fianancing larger armies and other
government undertakings could be raised in ever-greater quantities.
banknotes - answerIn return for lending money to the government, the bank was
allowed to issue paper "banknotes" backed by its credit. These soon became negotiable
and provided a paper substitute for gold and silver currency.
House of Rothschild - answerEuropean dynsaty of German-Jewsih origin that
established banking finance house.
Lloyds of London - answers a British insurance and reinsurance market that was
opened by Edward Lloyd. It serves as partially marketplace where multiple financial
backers, underwriters, or members, whether individuals (traditionally known as Names)
or corporations, come together to pool and spread risk. Unlike most of its competitors in
the insurance and reinsurance industry, it is not a company, but it is a corporate body
under the Lloyd's Act 1871 of the British Parliament.
London Stock Exchange - answeropened by Elizabeth I in 1571. Stockbrokers were not
allowed in the Royal exchange because of their rude behavior. They operated from
other establishments like coffee-houses. a broker named John Casting started listing
the prices of a few commodities, exchange rates and certain key provisions such as
salt, coal and paper in 1698.. These are the earliest evidence of organised trading in
marketable securities in London. Gresham's Royal Exchange was burned by a fire and
eventually rebuilt. This time, it not only housed brokers, but also merchants and
merchandise. This created a regulated stock market. Parliament came out with a law
that heavily fined those who were brokering without a license. This also fixed a set
number of brokers at 100, which was later increased as the size of trade grew.
guild restrictions - answerguilds became closed to oligarchies, as membership was
restricted to the relative of masters.
the "putting out system" or domestic system - answerwas a means of subcontracting
work. It was also known as the workshop system and the domestic system. In putting-
out, work was contracted by a central agent to subcontractors who completed the work
in their own facilities, usually their own homes. . It served as a way for entrepreneurs to
bypass the guild system, which was thought to be cumbersome and inflexible. Workers
would work from home, manufacturing individual articles from raw materials, then bring
them to a central place of business, such as a marketplace or a larger town, to be
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