HMKN 191 Ch.13 Exam Questions With Correct Answers
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Course
HMKN 191
Institution
HMKN 191
HMKN 191 Ch.13 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
The major parts of the adult brain are directly derived from the embryonic __________ -
answerbrain vesicles
The brain grows at an amazing rate during development, at times, as many as ________ neurons
are added each second! - answer50,000
At...
HMKN 191 Ch.13 Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
The major parts of the adult brain are directly derived from the embryonic __________ -
answer✔brain vesicles
The brain grows at an amazing rate during development, at times, as many as ________ neurons
are added each second! - answer✔50,000
At birth, the neonatal brain looks very much like that of an _______ and almost all the neurons
the brain will ever have are already present - answer✔adult
approximately how many neutrons and how many neuroglia cells are in the brain - answer✔100
billion neurons
10 trillion neuroglia cells
The Adult Brain ~3lbs
divided into 4 general structures: - answer✔1) Cerebrum
2) Diencephalon
3) Cerebellum
4) Brain Strem
What is the cerebrum? - answer✔Responsible for higher functions. Contains a convoluted
surface called the Cortex, and is divided into left and right hemispheres
What is the diencephalon? - answer✔Consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and
pituitary gland
What is the cerebellum? - answer✔Coordinates body movements, helps maintain balance, and is
also divided into hemispheres
What is the brain stem? - answer✔Consists of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata,
which are involved in automatic functions
The convoluted surface of the cerebrum consists of _______ and ______, and deeper sulci are
called fissures. These structures increase the area of the brain and form anatomical landmarks -
answer✔gyri
sulci
The cerebrum is divided into ________, which are named according to the bone which protects
them - answer✔lobes
The cortex or outer layer of the cerebrum is made of _________. The deeper layer is called
_________ - answer✔gray matter
white matter
what are gray and white matter made of? - answer✔The gray matter is made of neural bodies and
the white matter of myelinated axons
what are clusters of gray matter that lie in deeper regions of the brain? - answer✔Basal Nuclei
During embryonic development, large hollow chambers are formed in the cerebrum. These
cavities are called the _________ (one in each hemisphere) - answer✔Lateral Ventricles
these lateral ventricles are connected via the ________ to the third ventricle in the diencephalon -
answer✔interventricular foramen
functions of the cerebrum - answer✔conscious thought processes, intellectual functions
memory storage and processing
conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions
function of the thalamus - answer✔relay and processing centres for sensory and motor
information
function of hypothalamus - answer✔centers controlling emotions, autonomic functions, and
hormone production
1) Produce emotions and behavioral drives: contains feeding center, thirst center
2) Regulation of body temp (preoptic area)
3) Control of circadian rhythms = daily rhythms of body function
functions of midbrain - answer✔processing of visual and auditory data
generation of reflexive somatic motor responses
maintenance of consciousness
functions of pons - answer✔relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus
subconscious somatic and visceral motor sensors
functions of medulla oblongata - answer✔relays sensory information to thalamus and other
portions of the brain stem
autonomic centres for regulations of visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive
system activities)
functions of cerebellum - answer✔coordinates complex somatic motor patterns
adjusts output of other somatic motor sensors in brain and spinal cord
The fourth ventricle is located posterior to the brainstem and is connected to the third ventricle
by the __________ - answer✔Cerebral Aqueduct
The fourth ventricle is continuous with the Central Canal of the spinal cord and contains
_________ that connect the subarachnoid space - answer✔Apertures
The ventricles are filled with _________ and are lined with ependymal cells that circulate the
fluid via cilia - answer✔cerebrospinal fluid
The brain is protected in 3 ways: (physical/mechanical protection) - answer✔the bony cranium,
the meninges (dense irregular CT), and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
The connective tissue coverings the brain & spinal cord are called what? - answer✔meninges
3 layers of meninges - answer✔the Dura mater, the Arachnoid mater, and the Pia mater. The
cranial meninges are continuous with spinal meninges
The cranial dura mater, however, has 2 layers: - answer✔- An external periosteal layer &
- An internal meningeal layer; the spinal dura mater has only one
Biochemical protection of the brain - answer✔A) Blood brain barrier = several mechanisms that
isolate CNS from general circulation
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