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Ch 16 Cancer Practice Exam Questions with Latest Update
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The nurse is caring for a patient receiving an initial dose of chemotherapy to treat a rapidly growing metastatic colon cancer. The nurse is aware that this patient is at risk for tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and will monitor the patient closely for which abnormality associated with this oncologic em...

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  • October 18, 2024
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Ch 16 Cancer Practice Exam Questions
with Latest Update
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving an initial dose of chemotherapy to treat a
rapidly growing metastatic colon cancer. The nurse is aware that this patient is at risk
for tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) and will monitor the patient closely for which abnormality
associated with this oncologic emergency?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypouricemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypophosphatemia - Answer-C. Hypocalcemia

TLS is a metabolic complication characterized by rapid release of intracellular
components in response to chemotherapy. This can rapidly lead to acute renal injury.
The hallmark signs of TLS are hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, and
hypocalcemia.

The nurse is caring for a patient suffering from anorexia secondary to chemotherapy.
Which strategy would be most appropriate for the nurse to use to increase the patient's
nutritional intake?
A. Increase intake of liquids at mealtime to stimulate the appetite.
B. Serve three large meals per day plus snacks between each meal.
C. Avoid the use of liquid protein supplements to encourage eating at mealtime.
D. Add items such as skim milk powder, cheese, honey, or peanut butter to selected
foods. - Answer-D. Add items such as skim milk powder, cheese, honey, or peanut
butter to selected foods.

The nurse can increase the nutritional density of foods by adding items high in protein
and/or calories (such as peanut butter, skim milk powder, cheese, honey, or brown
sugar) to foods the patient will eat. Increasing fluid intake at mealtime fills the stomach
with fluid and decreases the desire to eat. Small frequent meals are best tolerated.
Supplements can be helpful.

Which item would be most beneficial when providing oral care to a patient with
metastatic cancer who is at risk for oral tissue injury secondary to chemotherapy?
A. Firm-bristle toothbrush
B. Hydrogen peroxide rinse
C. Alcohol-based mouthwash
D. 1 tsp salt in 1 L water mouth rinse - Answer-D. 1 tsp salt in 1 L water mouth rinse

A salt-water mouth rinse will not cause further irritation to oral tissue that is fragile
because of mucositis, which is a side effect of chemotherapy. A soft-bristle toothbrush
will be used. One teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate may be added to the salt-water

, solution to decrease odor, alleviate pain, and dissolve mucin. Hydrogen peroxide and
alcohol-based mouthwash are not used because they would damage the oral tissue.

Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient experiencing
myelosuppression secondary to chemotherapy for cancer treatment?
A. Acute pain
B. Hypothermia
C. Powerlessness
D. Risk for infection - Answer-D. Risk for infection

Myelosuppression is accompanied by a high risk of infection and sepsis. Hypothermia,
powerlessness, and acute pain are also possible nursing diagnoses for patients
undergoing chemotherapy, but the threat of infection is paramount.

Previous administrations of chemotherapy agents to a cancer patient have resulted in
diarrhea. Which dietary modification should the nurse recommend?
A. A bland, low-fiber diet
B. A high-protein, high-calorie diet
C. A diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables
D. A diet emphasizing whole and organic foods - Answer-A. A bland, low-fiber diet

Patients experiencing diarrhea secondary to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy
often benefit from a diet low in seasonings and roughage before the treatment. Foods
should be easy to digest and low in fat. Fresh fruits and vegetables are high in fiber and
should be minimized during treatment. Whole and organic foods do not prevent
diarrhea.

A 33-year-old patient has recently been diagnosed with stage II cervical cancer. What
should the nurse understand about the patient's cancer?
A. It is in situ.
B. It has metastasized.
C. It has spread locally.
D. It has spread extensively. - Answer-C. It has spread locally.

Stage II cancer is associated with limited local spread. Stage 0 denotes cancer in situ;
stage I denotes tumor limited to the tissue of origin with localized tumor growth. Stage III
denotes extensive local and regional spread. Stage IV denotes metastasis.

Which cellular dysfunction in the process of cancer development allows defective cell
proliferation?
A. Proto-oncogenes
B. Cell differentiation
C. Dynamic equilibrium
D. Activation of oncogenes - Answer-C. Dynamic equilibrium

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