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Oncology Exam Questions with Correct Answers

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Which risk factor is most significant for developing cancer? a) advancing age b) smoking tobacco c) drinking alcohol d) fam h/o cancer - Answer-a (advancing age) Which demonstrates the nurse's correct understanding of *neutropenic precautions*? a) moving client to semi-private room b) ...

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Oncology Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
Which risk factor is most significant for developing cancer?

a) advancing age
b) smoking tobacco
c) drinking alcohol
d) fam h/o cancer - Answer-a (advancing age)

Which demonstrates the nurse's correct understanding of *neutropenic precautions*?

a) moving client to semi-private room
b) encouraging fam to visit often
c) having room dusted/cleaned frequently
d) encouraging fam members to bring fresh flowers - Answer-c (clean/dust frequently)

For the client receiving external radiation therapy, which nursing diagnosis is the highest
priority?

a) altered oral mucuous membrane
b) pain
c) self-care deficit
d) risk for impaired skin integrity - Answer-d (impaired skin integrity)

The client diagnosed with terminal cancer blames the medical staff for not operating
soon enough. Which stage of the grieving process is the client most likely in?

a) denial
b) anger
c) guilt
d) depression - Answer-b (anger)

Which assessment measure is indicated for the client receiving radiation therapy for
Hodgkin's lymphoma?

a) careful observation of skin
b) assessment of DTR's
c) measurement of BP & P
d) palpation of lymph nodes - Answer-a (careful observation of skin due to side effects
of radiation therapy)

Which is the *most* life-threatening side effect of chemotherapy?

,a) alopecia
b) bone marrow suppression
c) vomiting
d) mucositis - Answer-b (bone marrow suppression - results in decreased leukocytes,
erythrocytes, and platelets)

The client with terminal cancer says to the nurse, "I just want to make it to my
daughter's wedding. If I can just make it to that, then I will be ready to die." The nurse
expects the client to be in which stage of the grief process?

a) anger
b) denial
c) bargaining
d) acceptance - Answer-c (bargaining - making a deal, usually in regards to more time)

What are the most common side effects of external radiation therapy? - Answer--skin
reactions/irritations
-fatigue
-nausea
-anorexia

After two weeks of chemotherapy, the client's WBCs are down to 2,000. This is *most*
likely do to which factor?

a) weight loss
b) polycythemia
c) bone marrow depression
d) infection - Answer-c (bone marrow depression)

For which reason is chemotherapy given to clients diagnosed with leukemia?

a) to treat the infections caused by leukemia
b) to prevent further development of leukemia
c) to destroy the fastest growing cells in the body
d) to treat the problems caused by leukemia - Answer-c (to destroy the fastest growing
cells in the body --> *to allow the stem cells to produce the correct number & type of
cells in the bone marrow*)

Which cells/tissues have the ability to divide throughout a person's lifespan? - Answer-
*cells that are located in tissues that undergo constant damage or wear, so continued
cell growth is needed to replace dead tissues*
-skin
-hair
-MM
- bone marrow
-linings of organs such as lungs, stomach, intestines, bladder, uterus

,(controlled through cellular regulation)

*these are at greater risk for cancer development than normal cells that stop dividing at
birth (nerve tissue, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle)*

True or False:

Pregnant or lactating women should be restricted from caring for clients with
brachytherapy - Answer-true

Growth that causes tissue to increase in size by *enlarging each cell* is
_______________, growth that causes tissue to increase in size by *increasing the
number of cells* is _______________. - Answer--hypertrophy
-hyperplasia

ex: heart muscle cells no longer divide after birth, they are fixed birth --> the size of the
heart increases as people grow b/c *each cell gets larger*, but the number of heart
muscle cells doesn't increase (hypertrophy)

What is the *highest* priority for the cancer patient receiving narcotic analgesics for pain
from metastatic lung cancer?

a) increased comfort
b) effective airway & respirations
c) reduction in perceived pain
d) effective coping - Answer-b (airway& respirations --> crucial to monitor resp. b/c
cancer patients receive large doses of analgesics & resp. depression is an adverse
effect of narcotics)

When should antiemetics be administered to a patient receiving chemotherapy? -
Answer-*before* the chemotherapy begins (repeated based on response and duration
of CINV)

*important to coordinate w/ pt & HCP to ensure adequate control of CINV

What is any new or continued cell growth that is not needed for normal development or
replacement of dead/damaged tissues called? - Answer-neoplasia (*always abnormal*
even if it doesn't cause any harm)

What is the main factor that differentiates cancer cells from normal cells? - Answer-
cancer cells lack *cellular regulation*

(cancer cells were once normal cells but underwent genetic mutations to no longer look,
grow, or function normally, they have lost their cellular regulations)

, What is the feature of *normal cells* in which each normal cell type has a distinct and
recognizable appearance, size, and shape? - Answer-specific morphology (a feature of
normal cells)

What is the predictable factor of normal cells in which the nucleus of the cell is small
compared to the rest of the cell, including the cytoplasm? - Answer-smaller nuclear-to-
cytoplasmic ratio (a feature of normal cells)

What is the term that means that every normal cell has at least one function that it
performs to contribute to the whole-body function? - Answer-differentiated function (a
feature of normal cells)

What occurs because normal cells make proteins that protrude from the membranes,
allowing the cells to bind closely and tightly together? - Answer-tight adherence (a
feature of normal cells)

*fibronectin* (except for RBCs & WBCs)

*prevents cell wandering from one tissue to the next* (nonmigratory = feature of normal
cells ----> except blood cells)

What are the two reasons in which normal cells undergo mitosis (cell division)? -
Answer-1. to develop normal tissue
2. to replace lost or damaged normal tissue

Which phase of the cell cycle do most normal cells spend most of their lives, actively
carrying out their functions but *not dividing*? - Answer-G0 (reproductive resting state)

Cellular regulation occurs through proteins that are produced by what? - Answer-
suppressor genes (these proteins control the amount of cyclins present & ensure that
cell division only occurs when it's needed)

(cell division depends on the presence & absence of specific cellular regulation proteins
- *balance between cyclins & suppressor gene products*)

What are the proteins that promote cells to enter and complete cell division produce by
& what are they called? - Answer-produced by *oncogenes* & known as *cyclins*

(activated cyclins allow cells to leave G0 phase and enter the reproductive cycle)

Explain the different phases of the cell cycle (division). - Answer-G0 - living cells
carrying out their function but not dividing

G1- cell getting ready for division by taking on extra nutrients, making more energy,
growing extra membrane, increasing cytoplasm

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