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NU 300 EXAM 1 CANCER, CULTURE, PAIN, MED-SURG NURSING QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS $18.49   Add to cart
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NU 300 EXAM 1 CANCER, CULTURE, PAIN, MED-SURG NURSING QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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what is the stimulus for the conversion of normal cells to malignant cells? - Answer-Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. The process is characterized by changes at the cellular, genetic, and ...

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  • October 18, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • nu 300 exam 1 cancer culture pain med surg nurs
  • what is the stimulus for the conversion of normal

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NU 300 EXAM 1 CANCER, CULTURE,
PAIN, MED-SURG NURSING QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
what is the stimulus for the conversion of normal cells to malignant cells? - Answer-
Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer,
whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. The process is characterized by
changes at the cellular, genetic, and epigenetic levels and abnormal cell division.
Oncogenes start the reproduction process, suppressor genes halt cellular reproduction

benign vs malignant cells - Answer-BENIGN:
does not spread
controlled growth rate
smaller cell nucleus
non-cancerous

MALIGNANT:
migrates
rapid and uncontrolled growth
chromosomal abnormalities

grading system for cellular characteristics - Answer-Grading addresses how malignant a
tumor is. The more aggressive and less similarity to the tissue of origin, the higher the
grade.
The higher the grade, the poorer the outcome
Gx:
grade not determined

G1:
well differentiated
low grade of malignant change
malignant and strong growing

G2:
more moderately differentiated

G3:
poorly differentiated
few normal characteristics

G4:
no normal characteristics
finding tissue of origin is nearly impossible

,TNM staging for cancer - Answer-Primary tumor (T)
Tx, To, Tis, T 1-4

Regional Lymph Nodes
Nx, No, N 1-3

Distant Metastasis
Mx, Mo, M 1

etiological factors of cancer
Who are the people at the highest risk for cancer? - Answer-Exposure to Carcinogens:
Chemical
Physical
Viral
Dietary

Genetic Predisposition

Immunocompromised patients

prevention strategies for cancer - Answer-Primary prevention:
modify lifestyle
remove risk tissues (moles, breasts, ovaries, etc)
vaccinations
genetic testing

Secondary:
screening (mammogram, 40 y.o.; colonoscopy, 50 y.o.; etc)

S/S of cancer nurses should screen for - Answer-Changes in bowel or bladder habits

A sore that does not heal

Unusual bleeding or discharge

Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere

Indigestion or difficulty swallowing

Obvious change in wart or moles

Nagging cough or hoarseness

how does cancer impact the following? - Answer-BONE MARROW:
suppresses WBC and RBC production

, MOTOR AND SENSORY:
Invasion of bone, brain, nerves
Pain
Bone metastasis- pain, fractures, spinal cord compression & hypercalcemia which leads
to decreased mobility

PSYCHOSOCIAL:
fear

NEUROLOGICAL:
Peripheral Neuropathy

RESPIRATORY AND CARDIAC:
Compression of the airways and vasculature

GI TRACT:
Increased need for nutrients (Protein and Carbs esp.) for tumor growth
Cachexia (weakness and wasting of the body)

What is the nurse's role in surgery for patient's with cancer? - Answer-Coordinate care
Encourage patient to express their feelings
Encourage patient to look at and touch the operative site
Encourage patient to participate in care ( ex: wound dressings)
Provide support group contact for patients and families
Have some who has coped with the same issue come for a visit
Referral to a mental health care provider may be needed if the patient has persistent
depression
Develop exercise regimes to maintain strength and function

explain how radiation works for patients with cancer - Answer-Given over multiple
doses/days
Directed at the tumor to kill or halt mitosis of tumor cells

TELETHERAPY:
Radiation is delivered from outside the patient so the patient is not radioactive

BRACHYTHERAPY:
Radiation is delivered from within the patient therefore the patient is radioactive

UNSEALED isotopes are given IV or PO and the patient is radio active until the isotope
is eliminated. Excreta is radioactive.

SEALED isotopes are solids implanted in or near the cancer. The patient emits radio
waves but excreta is not radioactive. Implants may be left in permanently or for short
prescribed time periods.

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