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Lung, Breast, Colon Cancer Exam 3 Questions with Correct Answers

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What does metastasis mean? - Answer-spreading of cancer Cancer Stats - Answer--Lung cancer is leading cause cancer deaths in BOTH GENDERS -Prostate cancer is the SECOND leading cause of cancer DEATH in males -Breast cancer is the SECOND leading cause of cancer DEATHS in females Cancer - Ans...

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  • October 18, 2024
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Lung, Breast, Colon Cancer Exam 3
Questions with Correct Answers
What does metastasis mean? - Answer-spreading of cancer

Cancer Stats - Answer--Lung cancer is leading cause cancer deaths in BOTH
GENDERS
-Prostate cancer is the SECOND leading cause of cancer DEATH in males
-Breast cancer is the SECOND leading cause of cancer DEATHS in females

Cancer - Answer--Defective growth (proliferation) and defective cellular differentiation
-Normally stem cells have a predetermined tissue type
-Normal cells function until they die, this stimulates proliferation
-Normal cells use contact inhibition
-Cancer cells lose contact inhibition

*Normal cells respect the boundaries of the cells around them. Cancer cells grow on top
of one another or on top of and in between normal cells.

Cancer cont. - Answer--Different cell types divide at different rates
-Cancer cells usually divide at the rate of the tissue in which they arise (no faster than
usual)
-Cancer cells respond differently to homeostatic mechanisms: may produce more than 2
cells, divide haphazardly

*cells are immature and then specialize (differentiate) but cancer cells don't have ability
to do this causing compression damage; CELLS THAT HAVE LOST TURN OFF
BUTTON

Lung Cancer - Answer-Smoking is the cause of 80-90% of all cancers
-Tumors arise from mutated epithelial cells in the lung; usually in segmental bronchi of
the upper lobes
--> Carcinogens cause mutation in cellular DNA and encourage progression of tumor

-Tumors eventually develop some blood supply giving cancer cells the ability to migrate
to other locations in the body (HOW THEY SPREAD)

Lung Cancer: Manifestations - Answer--Chronic, persistent cough
-Blood-tinged sputum (vascular involvement)
-Dyspnea
-Wheezing
-Chest pain (localized or unilateral)
-Anorexia
-Fatigue

, -Weight loss
-Nausea/Vomiting
-Hoarseness (later signs ^^, immune system is constantly monitoring body)

*not necessarily going to be sick in early stages, can't tell by looking at them, SILENT
CANCER, WE DON'T KNOW UNTIL LATE STAGE!!!

Lung Cancer Dx - Answer--Chest X-Ray
-CT Scan
-Sputum cytology studies (see if cancer cells in it, bronchial involvement)
-Biopsy of suspected tissue
-CT guided aspirational biopsy
-Bronchoscopy
-Mediastinoscopy
-VATS

(don't really need to know these last 4 things)

Apoptosis - Answer-Cellular death; our immune system will miss these cancer cells and
they will continue to grow

IF YOU CATCH CANCER IN STAGE ONE PHASE - Answer-YOU CAN TYPICALLY
CURE THEM (SCREENINGS)

Lung Cancer Care - Answer-Collaborative Care
-Surgical resection is treatment of choice !!!
-Pneumonectomy (entire lung)
-Lobectomy (lobe)
-Segmental resection
-Wedge resection
Adjuvant therapy
-Radiation (shrink tumor before they remove it)
-Chemotherapy (systemic, all over) given in PORT never in IV bc it can damage veins
(limits their replication), Immunotherapy/Targeted therapy
-->DONE AFTER REMOVAL OF TUMOR

*Nursing Care Focuses On SMOKING CESSATION

Lung Cancer Summary - Answer--80-90% R/T cigarette smoke
-clinical signs & symptoms appear late in the disease process
-Hemoptysis
-Anorexia, fatigue, weight loss
-Nursing-smoking cessation

What is hemoptysis? - Answer-Blood-tinged sputum

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